被孢霉真菌代谢液对苜蓿、马唐、稗草的影响

Effects of Mortierella Isolated from Alfalfa Rhizosphere on Growth of Alfalfa,Crabgrass and Barnyard Grass

杂草生物防除在解决与苜蓿竞争的杂草的同时可以避免化学除草剂使用后的药物残留,对土壤和水资源起到间接保护作用。从紫花苜蓿根际分离真菌被孢霉菌,并将其置于葡萄糖酵母膏(GY)、麦芽浸粉琼脂(MEA)、葡萄糖马铃薯(PDA)3种液体培养基中30℃、180 r/min摇床培养4 d后过滤得到被孢霉菌代谢液,通过盆栽试验探究其对苜蓿[中苜1号和WL168HQ(包衣)]生长以及对禾本科杂草马唐和稗草的影响。结果表明,3种代谢液中GY代谢液效果最好。与CK对比,GY代谢液处理中苜1号的鲜重降低36.09%,干重降低63.85%,WL168HQ(包衣)鲜重降低23.94%,干重降低36.21%;GY代谢液使中苜1号和WL168HQ(包衣)的粗蛋白含量分别提升57.02%、37.09%;GY代谢液使中苜1号中性洗涤纤维含量降低31.13%,酸性洗涤纤维含量降低37.14%。GY代谢液对稗草鲜重和干重影响不显著,对马唐鲜重抑制率达49.70%,干重抑制率达44.39%。GY代谢液使中苜1号和WL168HQ(包衣)土壤的全磷含量分别提高38.46%、19.35%,全氮含量分别提高63.63%、50.00%。综上所述,苜蓿根际被孢霉菌以葡萄糖酵母膏处理组中GY代谢液进行生物防除时对马唐有很好的抑制效果,且可以提升苜蓿营养品质。

Bio-control can avoid chemical herbicides residues and protect soil and water resources in directly while solving weeds competing with alfalfa.Mortierella sp.was isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere,it was cultured in glucose yeast extract(GY),malt extract agar(MEA)and glucose potato(PDA)in 30℃,180 r/min shaker for 4 days,and then filtered to obtain the metabolite,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of mixture on the growth of alfalfa and on the gramineous weeds,Digitaria san⁃guinalis and Echinochloa crusgalli.The results showed that among the three metabolic fluids,the effect of GY metabolic fluid was the best.Compared with CK,GY treatment reduced the fresh weight of Zhongmu No.1 by 36.09%and the dry weight by 63.85%.The fresh weight of WL168HQ(coated)decreased by 23.94%,and the dry weight decreased by 36.21%.GY metabolic solution increased the crude protein content of Zhongmu No.1 and WL168HQ by 57.02%and 37.09%,respectively,reduced neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content by 31.13%,and acid detergent fiber(ADF)content by 37.14%.There was no significant difference in the impact on the fresh weight and dry weight of Echinochloa crusgalli,with a inhibition rate of 49.70%on the fresh weight and 44.39%on the dry weight of Digitaria sanguinalis.The phosphorus content in Zhongmu No.1 and WL168HQ soil increased by 38.46%and 19.35%,respectively,and nitrogen content in the soil increased by 63.63%and 50.00%,respectively.In summary,the bio-control of alfalfa rhizosphere fungal metabolites treated with glucose yeast extract(GY)had a good inhibitory effect on Digitaria sanguinalis and could improve the nutritional quality of alfalfa.