楼梯内单向下楼疏散及双向疏散的实验研究

Experimental research on one-way downstairs evacuation and two-way evacuation in stairs

为研究楼梯内人员疏散速度及流率的影响因素,开展高层建筑楼梯单向下楼疏散和单层楼梯双向疏散2项实验。在高层建筑楼梯单向下楼疏散实验中,研究有汇流和无汇流工况下人员疏散速度的差异,研究结果表明:楼层平台处汇流现象对汇流点以下邻近楼层内人员速度存在不利影响;在单层楼梯双向疏散实验中,设计3种运动模式和9种上下楼人员比例工况,研究结果表明:上楼人员速度普遍小于下楼人员;上下楼人员比例对梯段上人员运动速度不存在显著影响,但是会影响平台上人员的运动速度以及疏散终点断面的人员流率;人员速度与流率存在显著的线性正相关。研究结果可为多高层建筑人员疏散管理提供理论支撑。

In order to study the factors affecting the evacuation speed and flow of personnel in the stairs,two experiments were carried out,including the one-way downstairs evacuation by high-rise building stairs and two-way evacuation by single-story stairs.In the evacuation experiment of one-way downstairs by high-rise building stairs,the difference of personnel evacuation speed between the conditions of confluence and without confluence was studied.The results showed that the confluence phenomenon at the floor platform has an adverse effect on the speed of personnel in the adjacent floors below the confluence point.In the two-way evacuation experiment of a single-story stairs,three movement modes and nine proportions of personnel going upstairs and downstairs were designed.The results show that the speed of personnel going upstairs is generally lower than those of personnel going downstairs.The proportion of personnel going upstairs and downstairs has no significant impact on the movement speed of personnel on the stairs,but it will affect the speed of personnel on the platform and the flow rate of personnel at the evacuation terminal section.There is a significant linear positive correlation between the movement speed and flow rate of personnel.The research results can provide theoretical support for personnel evacuation management of multi-high-rise buildings.