深海液压动力单元振动噪声跨介质传播建模

The Modeling of Cross-media Vibration and Noise Propagation of Deep-sea Hydraulic Power Unit

为有效减少深潜器耐超高压装备仓的体积,深海液压动力单元多封装在箱体内,并置于舷外,通过压力补偿器实现单元内外压力的平衡。然而,由于缺乏壳体屏蔽,置于舷外液压泵的振动噪声更易于被声呐捕捉,造成深潜器隐身能力降低。深海液压泵的振动噪声传递需跨越油液-油箱壁-海水等多种介质,且液体介质属性随海水深度而变化,噪声传递机制异常复杂。采用声-固耦合的声学仿真方法,合理简化液压动力单元的深海液压泵和壳体壁面模型,研究在不同海深下,液体介质属性、深海背压、声速等多种参数对深海液压泵噪声传播距离以及噪声衰减幅度和指向性的影响规律,为提升深潜器隐身性能提供理论依据。

In order to reduce the size of submersible pressure hull,deep-sea hydraulic power units are mostly sealed in cases and placed outside the submersible hull.The pressure in the cases and external pressure are balanced by a pressure compensator.However,the stealth performance decreases since the vibration and noise from the pump is easier to be captured by sonar due to lack of sound shielding of the hull.The vibration and noise propagation of the pump needs to cross various media such as oil,tank wall,seawater,etc.And the characteristics of fluid media varies with depth,so the noise propagation mechanism is extremely complex.The acoustic simulation in this research is based on acoustic-structure coupling method,and deep-sea pump and the structural walls of hydraulic power unit are simplified to a reasonable extent.Under different sea depth,the influence of fluid characteristics,external pressure and sound speed on deep-sea pump noise propagation,noise attenuation and directivity are studied.This provides guidance on improving the stealth performance of submersibles.