二元劳动力市场背景下就业质量的提升机制研究——基于CLDS数据的实证分析

The Mechanism of Improving Employment Quality under the Background of Binary Labor Market——An Empirical Study Based on CLDS Data

中国城市劳动力市场的二元分割背景下,劳动者的就业质量提升机制呈现出一定的差异性。研究基于资本和职业流动视角,利用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,多重考察和检验不同劳动力市场影响劳动者就业质量提升的因素。研究发现:首要劳动力市场就业者的知识人力资本、弱关系型社会资本、干部职位政治资本对提升就业质量有积极作用,次要劳动力市场就业者通过提升知识人力资本、技术人力资本、弱关系型社会资本、干部职位政治资本提升就业质量;首要劳动力市场就业者通过主动、自愿的职业流动实现就业质量的提升,次要劳动力市场就业者通过增加职业流动次数有效提升就业质量;资本因素对首要劳动力市场就业者通过职业流动提升就业质量不具有抑制作用,但一定程度上会抑制次要劳动力市场就业者通过职业流动提升就业质量的作用。因此,要充分了解劳动者的诉求与真实就业状况,帮助次要劳动力市场就业者增加资本(人力资本、社会资本、政治资本)的投入和积累,以提升其就业质量。

The binary division of China's urban labor market has resulted in differences in improving mechanism of employment quality for workers.From the perspectives of capital and occupational mobility,this study employed the data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)to examine and test the factors that affect workers'improvement of quality in different labor markets.The study found that knowledge human capital,weak relational social capital,and political capital of cadres have a positive effect on improving employment quality for primary labor market workers.For secondary labor market workers,employment quality can be improved by enhancing knowledge human capital,technical human capital,weak relational social capital,and political capital of cadres.As primary labor market workers improve their employment quality through active and self-initiated occupational mobility,secondary labor market workers can improve their employment quality by increasing their frequency of occupational mobility.Capital factors do not have a restraining effect on the improvement of employment quality through occupational mobility for primary labor market workers,but to a certain extent,they do have an inhibitory effect on secondary labor market workers.Thus,it is necessary to fully understand the demands of workers and the real employment situation to help the employees in the secondary labor market increase the investment and accumulation of human capital,social capital and political capital so as to improve their employment quality.