身心一体观的古典形态:伊壁鸠鲁学派的身体观蠡测

The Classical Form of the Oneness of Body and Mind:A Study on the Body View of Epicurus School

身心关系问题是古希腊哲学研究的基源问题之一。柏拉图不仅颠覆荷马的身心同一论,而且批判高尔吉亚的修辞术思想,基于其创世论系统建构身心二元论的范式。此种身心二元论范式影响了斯多亚学派以及新柏拉图主义等的身心思想。伊壁鸠鲁学派则基于原子论的研究进路,强调身体和灵魂乃至神都是由原子构成的,并且论证身心的原初合一性以及灵魂必死性,从而突破了柏拉图的身心二元论范式,把哲学由灵魂规劝之术转变为身心合一的伦理学,重新诠释着晚期古希腊社会何为美好生活。

The relationship between body and mind is one of the fundamental problems in Greek philosophy.Plato not only overturns Homer’s theory of the same body and mind,but also criticifies Gorgias’rhetorical thought and constructs the paradigm of body and mind dualism based on his creationism system.This paradigm of mind-body dualism influenced the mind-body thoughts of Stoicism and Neoplatonism.Based on the natural philosophy of atomism-ethics,Epicurean school emphasized that body,soul and even God are composed of atoms,and demonstrated the original unity of body and mind and the mortality of soul,thus breaking through the paradigm of Plato’s dualism of body and mind,and transforming philosophy from the technique of soul persuasion to the ethics of body and mind unity.It reinterprets the good life in late Greek society.