推动数据流通交易:要素市场细分和基础制度建设

Promoting Data Elements Flow and Transactions:Market Segmentation and Basic System Construction

数据流通是推动数字经济发展、实现数据价值释放的重要途径,但数据交易面临的隐私泄露和信息不对称问题阻碍了数据流通。随着技术进步,隐私计算有效解决了数据交易中的隐私问题,使得数据要素交易实现“可用不可见”,数据所有权交易转变为使用权交易。基于数据要素的两权分离,从减少数据交易信息不对称程度的角度分析发现,数据要素市场细分能够改善交易的组织形式和交易方式,形成区域与行业间网格化的数据交易市场结构,并通过促进数据市场有效分工、减少交易成本、循序渐进形成市场化定价等方式来实现交易双方的帕累托改进,促进数据交易。目前,数据要素市场化配置还不完善,需要进一步拓展数据流通途径,促进数据要素用权交换和市场化流通,充分利用数据要素的使用价值,助力高质量发展。

Data circulation is an important means to promote the development of the digital economy and unleash the value of data.However,challenges such as privacy breaches and information asymmetry hinder the flow of data in transactions.The emergence of privacy computing,enabled by technological advancements,has effectively addressed privacy concerns in data transactions by enabling“usability without visibility”in the exchange of data elements.This shift emphasizes trading data usage rights rather than data ownership.Based on the separation of data elements rights,starting from reducing the degree of information asymmetry in data transactions,This article argues that through market segmentation based on data elements,it is possible to improve the organizational structure and transaction methods of data transactions.This approach can establish a grid-like data trading market structure that spans regions and industries.By promoting effective division of labor in the data market,reducing transaction costs,and gradually implementing a market-based pricing mechanism,both parties involved in the transaction can achieve Pareto improvement and facilitate data trading.However,the current market-oriented allocation of data elements is still incomplete.It is necessary to further expand data circulation channels,promote the exchange and market-driven circulation of data elements,fully leverage their value,and support high-quality development.