反主为客:1928年京津易帜、国民党政权与北平社会

From the Protagonist to the Bystander:The Social Sketch Rule of Beiping During the Establishment of the Kuomintang Regime in 1928

1928年6月,国民革命军兵临北京城下,在蒋介石、阎锡山、冯玉祥、张作霖、北京地方士绅等各方努力下,新旧政权基本实现平稳过渡,国民党在北京的统治正式确立。不过,这一过程仍牵扯出国民革命军内部的几条矛盾暗线,预示之后的局面不会太平。北京延续数百年的国都身份被剥离,对政治、经济、文化、大众心理等诸多层面产生或显或隐的影响。面对此次变局,旧都各类人群有观望,有淡然处之,更有投机奔走。国民党新政权原本致力于实现北京的“革命化”,然而不久之后却上演革命的“北京化”,彰显出这场“统一”的限度以及北京城强大的历史惯性与同化能力。

In June 1928,the National Revolutionary Army marched to Beijing.With the Joint effort of Chiang Kai shek,Yan Xishan,Feng Yuxiang,Zhang Zuolin,and local gentry in Beijing,the new and old regimes achieved a stable transition,and the Kuomintang established its dominant position.However,this process had already hidden several conflicting clues.Beijing lost its status as a national capital that has lasted for hundreds of years,caused a chain reaction in areas such as politics,economy,culture,and public psychology.Faced with this change,various groups in the old capital had been watched and speculated.The new Kuomintang regime originally planned to carry out revolutionary transformation of Beijing,but soon it was assimilated,highlighting the limits of the“unification”and the strong historical inertia of Beijing.