巫师与先知:国际环境教育的两种理念、倡议与教学模式的比较

Wizard and Prophet:A Comparative Study of Two Philosophies,Initiatives,and Pedagogical Models in International Environmental Education

两种不同的环境科学观主导了应对生态危机之策:先知派强调节制和削减,追求人与自然的和谐共存;巫师派主张创造、进取和发展,通过技术创新化危为机。这一分歧也反映在不同的环境教育倡议中:UNESCO倡导的可持续发展目标和新社会契约与先知派自我约束和追求生态正义的理念相契合;而OECD的能力倡议与测量取向,则体现了巫师派所崇尚的技术主义和工具理性。这种分歧形塑了环境教育的不同实践路径:一是强调发展亲环境意识和价值观的规训模式,二是聚焦环境科学素养和高阶能力的赋能模式。两种路径在理论和实践上存在融合的可能性,其平衡和整合有助于构建可持续未来。

Two distinct environmental science perspectives dominate strategies for addressing the ecological crisis.The Prophets emphasize restraint and reduction,advocating for a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,while the Wizards champion creation,ambition,and development,transforming threats into opportunities through technological innovation.This divergence is also mirrored in various environmental education initiatives.UNESCO’s advocacy for Sustainable Development Goals and a new social contract aligns closely with the Prophet’s emphasis on self-restraint and the pursuit of ecological justice.In contrast,the OECD’s capability initiative and its metric-driven approach reflect the Wizards’reverence for technocentrism and instrumental rationality.This ideological split has further molded two distinct paths in environmental education practices:one emphasizing the cultivation of eco-friendly awareness and values,termed the disciplinary model,and the other focusing on nurturing environmental scientific literacy and advanced competencies,known as the empowerment model.There is a possibility of merging the two approaches in theory and practice,and their balance and integration can help build a sustainable future.