走进“生活世界”:新时代学校育人的实践向度

Heading towards the “Lifeworld”:The Practical Orientation of School Education in the New Era

新时代为避免学校育人陷泥于纯粹意识或理论知识的抽象中,其实践向度要在内容选择、过程形式、方法运用上凸显生活世界的基础性和重要性,将师生视为有意识的感性生命活动存在,以主体间立足现实的对象性交往来促发学生身心的健全发展。从内容选择来看,学校育人实践要追求“科学与人文”的价值范导,通过具体性综合研究来“育”学生的科学精神、情境性主题的探讨来“育”学生的人文理想,教育教学协调好学生身心发展在“大脑”与“人心”、“生存”与“意义”的统一关系;从过程形式来看,学校育人实践要追求“自律与自由”的品格锤炼,通过规范性原则的立行来“育”学生的慎独习性、生产性园区开辟来“育”学生的自强意志,教育教学协调好学生身心发展在“自控”与“惩戒”、“自然”与“社会”的统一关系;从方法运用来看,学校育人实践要追求“情感与理性”的人性共谐,通过敞开性合作互动来“育”学生的仁爱心灵、多元性审美活动来“育”学生的创新个性,教育教学协调好学生身心发展在“交往”与“解放”、“现实”与“超越”的统一关系。

To avoid school education getting bogged down in pure consciousness or abstract theoretical knowledge,the practical orientation in the new era should highlight the fundamental and important nature of the lifeworld in terms of content selection,procedural forms,and methodological application.Teachers and students should be viewed as conscious,sentient beings engaging in vital activities,using their intersubjective,grounded interactions in reality to facilitate the wholesome development of students’minds and bodies.In terms of content selection,school education practices should pursue the axiological guidance of“science and humanities”,nurturing students’scientific spirit through concrete,integrative research and nurturing their humanistic ideals through situational,thematic explorations.Teaching and learning should coordinate the unified relationship between students’physical and mental development,between“brain”and“heart”,“survival”and“meaning”.In terms of procedural forms,school education practices should pursue the moral training of“self-discipline and freedom”,nurturing students’prudence and perseverance through principled,normative practices and nurturing their self-strengthening willpower by providing productive domains.Teaching and learning should coordinate the unified relationship between self-control and discipline,nature and society.In terms of methodological application,school education practices should pursue humanistic harmony between“emotion and reason”by facilitating caring,benevolent minds through open,cooperative interactions and nurturing innovative individuality through diverse aesthetic activities.Teaching and learning should coordinate the unified relationship between interaction and liberation,reality and transcendence.