有机肥与化肥配施对锦绣黄桃生长、果实品质及产量的影响

Effects of the Mixed Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on the Growth,Fruit Quality and Yield of Jinxiu Yellow Peach

以锦绣黄桃为研究对象,设置5个肥料配比处理(以T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示),以常规施用化肥为对照(CK),探讨不同有机肥与化肥配施处理对黄桃生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:有机肥与化肥配施可提升黄桃园土壤有机质含量,对土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量具有显著影响。有机肥与化肥合理配施可促进黄桃生长、增加新梢长度,有效提升黄桃果实品质,T3、T4处理可溶性固形物含量较CK分别增加20.58%和23.05%,维生素C含量较CK分别增加20.19%和18.65%,平均单果重较CK分别增加11.75%和15.25%,产量较CK分别增加13.38%和12.43%;T1和T2处理单果重和产量无显著差异,但均显著高于CK和T5处理。研究显示T3和T4处理效果最佳,生产上推荐方案为:萌芽肥和膨果肥采用常规用量(即萌芽肥为0.25 kg·株^(-1),膨果肥0.3 kg·株^(-1)),基肥用量为有机肥20 kg·株^(-1)+复合肥1.00 kg·株^(-1)或有机肥25 kg·株^(-1)+复合肥0.75 kg·株^(-1)。

By taking Jinxiu yellow peach as the research object,five treatments of the compounding application of fertilizers(represented by T1,T2,T3,T4,T5)were set up,and the conventional application of chemical fertilizer was used as the control group(CK)to explore the effects of different mixed application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the growth,fruit quality and yield of yellow peach.The results showed that:the mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter in the orchard of yellow peach,and had significant effects on the contents of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium.The rational mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could promote the growth of yellow peach,increase the length of new shoots,and effectively improve the fruit quality of yellow peach.The content of soluble solids under the T3 and T4 treatments increased by 20.58%and 23.05%,respectively,compared with that of CK;the content of vitamin C increased by 20.19%and 18.65%,respectively,compared with that of CK;the average single fruit weight increased by 11.75%and 15.25%,respectively,compared with that of CK,and the yield increased by 13.38%and 12.43%,respectively,compared with that of CK.There was no significant difference in the single fruit weight and yield between T1 and T2 treatments,but they were significantly higher than those treated with CK and T5.The results showed that T3 and T4 treatments had the best effects.The recommended scheme in the production was as follows:the fertilizer for germination and the fertilizer for vary enlargement used the conventional application amount(that is,the fertilizer for germination was 0.25 kg·plant^(-1),and the fertilizer for vary enlargement was 0.3 kg·plant^(-1)),while the application amount of basal fertilizer was the organic fertilizer of 20 kg·plant^(-1)+compound fertilizer of 1.00 kg·plant^(-1) or the organic fertilizer of 25 kg·plant^(-1)+compound fertilizer of 0.75 kg·plant^(-1).