喷施不同浓度硅肥对闽东红壤区玉米产量及其构成因素的影响

Effects of Spraying Different Concentrations of Silicon Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Its Components in the Red Soil Area of Eastern Fujian

研究不同浓度的叶面硅肥(OBFs)喷施下密花甜糯12号玉米产量及其构成因素的变化,以期为闽东红壤区玉米高产栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不施硅肥为对照(T_(0),CK),设置5个叶面硅肥喷施浓度1.34(T_(1))、6.67(T_(2))、10.00(T_(3))、13.34(T_(4))、16.67 mL OBFs L^(-1)(T_(5)),研究不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥对玉米籽粒养分吸收、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥可以显著促进玉米籽粒吸收钾和硅元素。T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理比T_(0)(CK)玉米籽粒钾吸收量分别增加7.4%、4.9%、10.4%和15.3%;与T_(0)(CK)相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T5处理玉米籽粒硅吸收量分别提高2.1、2.5、2.4、2.3和3.4倍。玉米籽粒钾和硅吸收量的增加进一步改善了玉米棒长和棒粗。相比T_(0)(CK),T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理玉米棒长分别增加15.2%、19.2%、24.2%、26.6%和29.7%,棒粗分别提高1.3%、1.6%、3.1%、2.7%和5.5%。T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理玉米产量分别比T_(0)增加1.9%、3.1%、13.1%、17.4%和18.7%。由线性回归分析可知,玉米增产过程中起主导作用的因子是玉米籽粒钾和硅吸收量的增加。综上,喷施不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥有助于增加玉米籽粒吸收钾和硅元素,改善玉米棒长和棒粗,从而提高玉米产量,尤其是13.34、16.67 mL·L^(-1)为闽北红壤区玉米种植OBFs叶面硅肥较佳的喷施浓度。

The effects of different concentrations of foliar silicon fertilizers(OBFs)on the maize yield and components of Mihuatiannuo No.12 were studied in order to provide theoretical guidance for the high-yield cultivation of maize in the red soil area of eastern Fujian.On the basis of conventional fertilization,with no spraying the silicon fertilizer as the control group(T_(0),CK),the five spraying concentrations of foliar silicon fertilizer with 1.34(T_(1)),6.67(T_(2)),10.00(T_(3)),13.34(T_(4)),16.67(T_(5))mL OBFs/L were set up to study the effects of different concentrations of OBFs foliar silicon fertilizer on the nutrient absorption,yield and components of maize kernels.The results showed that the application of different concentrations of OBFs foliar silicon fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of potassium and silicon in maize kernels.Compared with T_(0)(CK),the potassium absorption of maize kernels treated with T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),T4 and T_(5) increased by 7.4%,4.9%,10.4%and 15.3%,respectively,while compared with T_(0)(CK),the silicon absorption of maize kernels treated with T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),T_(4) and T_(5) increased by 2.1,2.5,2.4,2.3 and 3.4 times,respectively.The increase of potassium absorption and silicon absorption in maize kernels further improved the length and diameter of corn cob.Compared with T_(0),the length of corn cob treated with T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),T_(4) and T_(5) increased by 15.2%,19.2%,24.2%,26.6%and 29.7%,respectively,and the diameter of corn cob increased by 1.3%,1.6%,3.1%,2.7%and 5.5%,respectively.Compared with T_(0),the yield of maize treated with T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),T_(4) and T_(5) increased by 1.9%,3.1%,13.1%,17.4%and 18.7%,respectively.The results of linear regression analysis showed that the increase of potassium and silicon absorption in maize kernels was the leading factors in the yield-increasing process of maize.In summary,the application of different concentrations of OBFs foliar silicon fertilizer could help to increase the absorption of potassium and silicon in the maize kernels,improve the length and diameter of maize rods,and thus increase the maize yield.Especially,13.34 mL·L^(-1) and 16.67 mL·L^(-1) were the better spraying concentration of OBFs foliar silicon fertilizer for maizes which were being planted in the red soil area of northern Fujian.