犊牛感染性腹泻的流行现状及综合防控

Epidemiological status and comprehensive prevention and control of infectious diarrhea in calves

犊牛感染性腹泻是一类严重影响犊牛生长发育和畜牧养殖业经济效益的常见疾病。犊牛常因饲养条件不佳与环境卫生管理不当导致机体免疫功能下降而引起腹泻。近些年,犊牛感染性腹泻的比率有不断上升的趋势,致病因素主要是病毒、细菌和寄生虫等病原微生物。引起犊牛腹泻常见病原包括牛轮状病毒、牛冠状病毒、产肠毒素大肠埃希菌和隐孢子虫等,其中部分病原还会发生混合感染,导致犊牛继发呼吸道疾病、乳房炎、蹄病等,极大地增加治疗的难度。各个地区流行情况的监测有助于加强地区的治理,保护动物和人类健康,以免感染性腹泻的暴发。本文对犊牛感染性腹泻的流行现状、病原特征、检测和防治手段结合临床治疗经验进行综述,以期为犊牛感染性腹泻的防控提供参考依据。

Infectious diarrhea is a common disease that seriously affects the growth and development of calves and the economic benefits of animal husbandry.Calves often suffere from diarrhea due to poor feeding conditions and improper sanitation management,resulting in reduced body resistance.In recent years,the rate of infectious diarrhea in calves has been on the rise.The main pathogenic factors of infectious diarrhea in calves are pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses,bacteria and parasites.Current reports show that common pathogens clinically causing infectious diarrhea in calves include bovine rotavirus,bovine coronavirus,Escherichia coli,Cryptosporidium,etc.;some of these pathogens also have mixed infection,leading to the occurrence of respiratory diseases,mastitis,hoof disease and so on,which ultimately greatly increases the difficulty of treatment.Epidemic monitoring in various regions can help strengthen regional governance and protect animal and human health from outbreaks of infectious diarrhea.In this paper,the epidemic status,pathogen characteristics,methods for detection and prevention of various pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in calves are introduced and discussed based on the authors' clinical experience,so as to provide a reference for future prevention and control of infectious diarrhea in calves.