郑州市7种园林植物滞尘能力与叶片生理及光合响应

Dust retention capacity and leaf physiology and photosynthesis response of 7 garden plants in Zhengzhou City

【目的】深入探究郑州市典型园林植物的滞尘及综合抗污染能力。【方法】以7种常见园林植物(女贞Ligustrum lucidum、枇杷Eriobotrya japonica、石楠Photinia serrulata、八角金盘Fatsia japonica、大叶黄杨Euonymus japonicus、海桐Pittosporum tobira、南天竹Nandina domestica)为研究对象,在郑州市设立了街道、校园、公园3个采样区,采集各植物叶片滞留的不同粒径大气颗粒物[总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)],采用分级滤膜过滤法测定各植物叶片单位叶面积滞尘量,同时比较不同污染程度下各植物的光合参数以及叶片生理指标,对植物滞尘与生理光合指标进行相关性与主成分分析,筛选滞尘与综合抗污染能力突出的园林植物。【结果】①植物的单位叶面积滞尘量与所在环境的大气颗粒物质量浓度成正比,且在颗粒物污染加重的情况下,不同植物对颗粒物的滞留量增幅是不均衡的。各植物滞留不同粒径颗粒物的能力有较大差异,枇杷对总悬浮颗粒物、细颗粒物的滞留能力最强,海桐对可吸入颗粒物的滞留能力最强。②随着采样区大气颗粒物质量浓度的增加,各植物的净光合速率、气孔导度、叶片叶绿素a、b质量分数均呈下降趋势,叶片的丙二醛质量摩尔浓度与超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性呈上升趋势。③采用主成分分析方法得出,海桐与八角金盘的滞尘与抗污染综合能力较突出。【结论】在今后郑州市治理城市粉尘污染,进行城市绿化建设时,海桐与八角金盘可作为优先选择的植物。

[Objective]The objective is to investigate the dust retention and comprehensive anti-pollution capacity of typical garden plants in Zhengzhou.[Method]7 common garden plants(Ligustrum lucidum,Eriobotrya japonica,Photinia serrulata,Fatsia japonica,Euonymus japonicus,Pittosporum tobira,and Nandina domestica)were selected as the objects,and 3 sampling areas of streets,campuses and parks were set up.Atmospheric particulate matter with different particle sizes(total suspended particulate,inhalable particulate matter,fine particulate matter)retained by each plant leaf was collected.The dust retention per unit leaf area of each plant was determined by the method of graded membrane filtration.At the same time,the photosynthetic parameters and leaf physiological indicators of the plants under different pollution levels were compared.The correlation and principal component analysis of plant dust retention and physiological photosynthetic indexes were carried out,and garden plants with outstanding dust retention and comprehensive anti-pollution ability were screened.[Result](1)The amount of dust retention per unit leaf area of plants was proportional to the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter in the environment.The increase in particulate matter retention by different plants was uneven with the aggravation of particulate matter pollution.(2)With the increase in atmospheric particulate matter concentration,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,chlorophyll a and b content of leaves decreased,while the malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of leaves increased.(3)The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ability of dust retention and anti-pollution of P.tobira and F.japonica was more prominent.[Conclusion]In the future control of urban dust pollution and urban greening construction in Zhengzhou,P.tobira and F.japonica can be selected as priority plants.