公益林生态效益补偿单位采用蓄积及其增量的探索

Using volume and volume increment as units of payment for ecosystem services based on ecological public forest

【目的】森林生态效益补偿单位的转变是促进公益林质量提升和激励森林生态服务功能提升的需要。通过合理设置多元化的森林生态效益补偿单位,促进补偿资金的科学分配,实现对公益林生态服务价值的差异化合理评价。【方法】基于森林生态系统存量和增量的视角和特点,探索多元化的补偿单位,提出了以蓄积为单位实施存量补偿以促进森林生态效益“按质补偿”、以蓄积增量为单位实施“激励性”的增量补偿以促进森林碳汇能力提升的补偿思路。以浙江省淳安县临岐镇公益林为案例,基于现有森林区划的最小单位——小班分析评价了公益林生态效益补偿以蓄积和蓄积增量作为补偿单位的可行性。【结果】按照蓄积补偿比按照面积补偿更能凸显森林水源涵养功能和森林质量的“差异化”补偿效果;以蓄积增量为单位能够促进对碳汇功能的兼顾改善,满足森林生态服务多功能经营目标需求。【结论】以蓄积和蓄积增量为补偿单位组合实施公益林生态效益补偿,能够有效维护现有森林生态系统存量,同时激励森林生态系统增量的扩张,弥补面积单位在当前公益林生态效益补偿中价值体现激励性、动态性不足的问题,为有效促进森林生态服务功能指明提升方向。

[Objective]Transforming the unit of forest payments for ecosystem services is the requirement for promoting the quality of ecological public forests and stimulating the enhancement of forest ecological services.There is an urgent demand for the theory and academic aspects to improve the method of payments funds allocation scientifically through diversified units of forest payments for ecosystem services,which can evaluate the different ecological service value of ecological public forests reasonably.[Method]Based on the scope and characteristic of forest ecosystems accumulation and increment,we explored diversified units of payments for forest ecosystem services,and propose the idea that forest ecosystems accumulation compensation in terms of volume unit which can promote“compensation by quality”for forest ecological benefits,and“incentive”compensation in terms of volume increment unit which can promote the enhancement of forest carbon sink capacity.Taking the ecological public forest in Linqi Town,Chun’an County,Zhejiang Province as a case,this paper analyzed and evaluated the feasibility of ecological public forest payments funds allocation using volume unit and volume increment unit based on the smallest forest division unit-small class.[Result]Using volume as unit of ecological public forest payments is more effective than that of area,which could highlight the differentiation of forest water-holding function and forest quality.Payments using volume increment as unit could promote improvement of carbon sink function,which met the requirements of multi-functional management of forest ecological services.[Conclusion]Implementing payments of ecological public forests using volume unit combined with volume increment unit could effectively maintain the existing forest ecosystem stock and stimulate the of forest ecosystem increment,which can make up for the inability of area unit on value incentive and dynamics in the current payments for public forest ecosystem services,and point out the direction of improvement for forest management to effectively promote ecological services.