湖南侗藏红米气候品质等级区划

Zoning of Climatic Quality Grades for Dong Tibetan Red Rice in Hunan Province

为充分利用区域气候资源,促进侗藏红米高产优质推广、助力乡村振兴产业发展,以湖南侗藏红米为研究对象,利用研究区域1981-2010年侗藏红米齐穗末期后连续20d平均气温、抽穗普遍期前10d-抽穗普遍期后10d的平均温度日较差、抽穗始期后连续30d平均最低气温估算研究区域侗藏红米潜在生育期,构建研究区域侗藏红米整精米率、垩白度、碱消值的气候品质评价指标;采用李比希最小因子定律进行多因素评价,根据综合评价结果,分析研究区域侗藏红米气候品质等级。结果表明:(1)侗藏红米种植研究区域的红米稻全生育期历时140~152d;抽穗始期主要分布在8月上中旬,抽穗普遍期和安全齐穗末期均主要分布在8月中下旬。(2)在整精米率、垩白度和碱消值气候品质评价指标中,外观品质(垩白度)是影响侗藏红米气候品质等级区划的主要因素。(3)综合评价湖南侗藏红米气候品质等级,特优和优等级主要分布在张家界市中西部、湘西州北部和西部、怀化市(除通道)中南部以及邵阳市西部(绥宁)。

In order to fully utilize regional climate resources,promote the promotion of high yield and quality of Dong Tibetan red rice,and assist in the development of rural revitalization industries,the Dong Tibetan red rice in Hunan province was taken as the research object.The potential growth period of Dong Tibetan red rice in the research area was estimated using the average temperature for 20 consecutive days after the end of full heading,the daily temperature range of 10 days before the universal heading period to 10 days after the universal heading period,and the average minimum temperature for 30 consecutive days after the initial heading period from 1981 to 2010,to construct climate quality evaluation indicators for the head rice percentage,chalkiness degree,and alkali spreading value of Dong Tibetan red rice in the research region.Using the Libich minimum factor law for multi factor evaluation,based on the comprehensive evaluation results,analyze climatic quality grades for Dong Tibetan red rice in Hunan.The results showed that:(1)the entire growth period of the Dong Tibetan red rice planting research area lasted for 140 to 152 days.The main distribution time for the beginning of heading was in early to mid.The main distribution time for the common heading period and the end of safe heading were in mid to late August.(2)The appearance quality(chalkiness)was the main factor affecting the climate quality grades zoning of Dong Tibetan red rice in the evaluation indicators of head rice percentage,chalkiness degree,and alkali spreading value climate quality.(3)Based on a comprehensive evaluation of the climate quality grades of Dong Tibetan red rice in Hunan,the very excellent and excellent grades were mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Zhangjiajie city,the northern and western parts of Xiangxi prefecture,the central and southern parts of Huaihua city(excluding the channel),and the western part of Shaoyang city(Suining).