亲亲尊尊视域下的“四法”流转——董仲舒《三代改制质文》篇历史哲学演绎

The Circulation of the“Four Elements”from the Perspective of Respecting Parents and Honoring the Superior:Approaching DONG Zhong-shu’s“Substance and Refinement of Form Concerning the Reform in the Three Dynasties”in the Vein of Philosophy of History

从儒家亲亲尊尊原则切入,聚焦《春秋繁露·三代改制质文》篇,可以揭示天、地、质、文四法循环的学理脉络和丰富内容。天道阴阳之气的不同运行轨迹,对应了人世王政、官制、礼法不同面向,追溯天授圣王的异象,能够使“四法”流转获得可靠根据。殷质、周文及其分别与亲亲、尊尊相结合,建构出王权继承的基本秩序。牟宗三《历史哲学》中对尊尊超越亲亲,进而提升为国族客观精神的阐发极具启迪意义,但也割裂了亲亲与尊尊的有机关系。

Approaching DONG Zhong-shu’s“Substance and Refinement of Form Concerning the Reform in the Three Dynasties”in his commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals from the Confucian principle of respecting parents and honoring the superior,this paper reveals the theoretical lineage and rich content of the cycle of the four elements of Heaven,earth,substance,and refinement of form.The different trajectories of yin and yang in the Dao of Heaven correspond to the different aspects of monarchs’government,official systems,and rituals in the human world.Tracing the mysterious images of the saintly monarchs granted by Heaven helps to obtain a reliable basis for the circulation of the four elements.The Shang Dynasty corresponding to substance,and the Zhou Dynasty corresponding to refinement of form,as well as their respective combination with respecting parents and honoring the superior–this constitutes the basic order of the succession of kingship.MOU Zong-san’s Philosophy of History is of great enlightening significance when it explains that honoring the superior goes beyond respecting parents and then elevates honoring the superior to the objective spirit of the nation.However,it also breaks the organic relationship between respecting parents and honoring the superior.