基于预防发展视角的上海学校社会工作:现实困境与对策建议

School Social Work in Shanghai from the Perspective of Prevention and Development:Practical Dilemmas and Countermeasures

预防发展是学校社会工作发展的初衷和导向。基于深入访谈和机构服务记录的分析表明:上海已经建构司法导向以及基于犯罪三级预防的学校社会工作服务模式,并在抑制青少年违法犯罪和助力学校发展方面取得明显成效,但同时在具体实践中也面临三级预防之间缺乏有效衔接、双重壁垒(行政和技术)难以打破、一线社工评估能力较弱等诸多现实困境,进而影响学校社会工作预防和发展功能的发挥。未来上海应抓住未成年人和学校保护法律颁布实施的契机,以预防发展为导向,从个人和学校、基本需求和发展性需求等维度出发,重构学校社会工作服务框架,并以一般预防为重点,促进三级服务之间的内联和衔接,同时注重提升一线学校社工预防发展专业能力。

The original intention and direction of school social work development is prevention and development.Analysis based on in-depth interviews and agency service records shows that Shanghai has established a judicialoriented school social work service model based on the tertiary prevention of crime,and has made remarkable achievements in curbing juvenile delinquency and assisting school development.However,Shanghai also faces many practical difficulties,including the lack of effective connection between the tertiary prevention,the difficulty of breaking double barriers(of administration and technic),and the weak assessment ability of first-line social workers.Such difficulties affect the function of prevention and development of school social work.In the future,Shanghai should seize the opportunity of the promulgation and implementation of the law on the protection of minors and schools,take prevention and development as the orientation,and start from the dimensions of individuals and schools,basic needs and developmental needs to reconstruct the school social work service framework.Here,we should focus on general prevention,promote the internal connection and cohesion between the three levels of service,and pay attention to improving the professional ability of first-line school social workers.