初诊癌症患者死亡焦虑的剖面分析

Latent profile analysis of death anxiety in newly diagnosed cancer patients

目的 基于潜在剖面分析探究初诊癌症患者死亡焦虑的潜在类别及其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取418例初诊癌症患者作为调查对象,使用一般资料表、生命意义感量表及死亡焦虑量表进行调查,基于潜在剖面分析识别初诊癌症患者死亡焦虑的类别,分析不同类别的影响因素。结果 初诊癌症患者死亡焦虑发生率为58.85%,经过剖面分析将存在死亡焦虑的患者识别出低焦虑-压力与痛苦型(41.06%)及高焦虑-认知型(58.94%)2个潜在类别。logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、18~<45岁、家庭人均月收入<3 000元的初诊癌症患者归属于低焦虑-压力与痛苦型的概率较大,肿瘤分期为Ⅲ期、文化程度小学及以下的患者归属于高焦虑-认知型的概率较大,生命意义感较高的患者死亡焦虑水平较低(均P<0.05)。结论 初诊癌症患者的死亡焦虑发生率较高,可分为2个类别。护理人员应及时识别存在死亡焦虑的患者,实施针对性干预。

Objective To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of death anxiety in newly diagnosed cancer patients based on latent profile analysis,so as to provide reference for taking targeted measures.Methods A total of 418 newly diagnosed cancer patients were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated with the general information questionnaire,the Meaning in Life Scale and Death Anxiety Scale.The categories of death anxiety in newly diagnosed cancer patients were identified by using latent profile analysis,and the influencing factors of different categories were analyzed.Results The incidence of death anxiety in newly diagnosed cancer patients was 58.85%.The patients with death anxiety were identified into two potential categories through latent profile analysis:stress-painful death anxiety(41.06%)and cognitive death anxiety(58.94%).The logistic regression results showed that those who were male,18-<45 years old,and had household per monthly income<3000 yuan were more likely to be classified as the group of stress-painful death anxiety.Those with stageⅢtumor and education level of primary school or below were more likely to belong to the group of cognitive death anxiety.Newly diagnosed cancer patients with a higher sense of meaning in life had lower levels of death anxiety(all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of death anxiety in newly diagnosed cancer patients is high,which can be divided into two potential categories.Nursing staff should identify patients with death anxiety in time,and implement targeted interventions.