钠金属电池负极基底的研究进展

Research Progress of Negative Substrates for Sodium Metal Batteries

钠金属电池(SMBs)凭借着超高的理论容量以及低的氧化还原电位,被认为是当前最有希望的储能器件选择之一。但因枝晶现象、高反应性、沉积/剥离过程中的巨大体积变化等问题而导致其在循环稳定性和安全性表现极差。其中枝晶的问题被称为“阿喀琉斯之踵”,其导致极低的库伦效率以及刺穿隔膜而短路的风险。负极基底的构建便是一种有效且简便地改善枝晶生成的一种方式,分别从碳基材料、金属集流体以及无机类框架三个方面对当前负极基底的进展进行了总结,最后提出了其仍然存在的问题,为钠金属电池的研究提供了方向。

Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)were considered to be one of the most promising options for energy storage devices at present because of their ultra-high theoretical capacity and low redox potential.However,its poor cycling stability and safety performance is due to dendritic effect,high reactivity,and large volume changes during deposition/exfoliation.The problem of dendrites is known as the"Achilles'heel",and it leads to extremely low Coulomb efficiency and the risk of short-circuiting by piercing the diaphragm.The construction of anode substrates is an effective and easily available way to improve dendrite generation.In this paper,it summarizes the current progress of anode substrates from three aspects:carbon-based materials,metal collectors and inorganic frameworks,and finally shows the problems that still exist and provides a direction for the research of sodium-metal batteries.