基于生态重要性与敏感性的六盘山区生态保护修复分区

Zoning for ecological conservation and restoration in Liupan Mountain area based on ecological importance and sensitivity evaluation

生态保护修复分区是采取差异化生态修复和构建国土空间生态安全格局的基础,选取具有重要生态地位和屏障作用的宁夏六盘山区,从生态系统“服务-问题”二维视角构建综合指标体系,引入InVEST模型、空间叠图和综合指标权重等量化分区方法,完成生态保护修复分区和明确生态修复策略。结果表明:(1)生态系统高度重要区占比33.4%,呈现“六盘山-南华山”走廊和“原州-彭阳”片区总体格局,是区域主要的生态功能供给区和优化提升区。(2)生态系统高度敏感区占比32.0%,集中于“海原-西吉”片区和原州东部片区,是区域主要的生态功能需求区和保育修复区。(3)生态保护区占比15.7%,以严格生态保护和监测管理推动结构优化和功能提升;生态修复区和保育区的占比分别为17.7%和26.1%,以水土流失治理和土地荒漠化防治为导向,综合提升生态效益和控制生态退化风险;生态调节区占比40.5%,以探索“两山”转化路径,全面优化、协调国土空间开发保护格局。研究结果可为六盘山区国土空间系统化、差异化生态保护修复提供空间指引。

Establishing a benign,healthy,and high-quality territorial space through systematic,all-regions,all-elements,and whole-process ecological restoration is crucial from the perspective of the life community of mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,grass,and sand.However,identification and zoning of ecological conservation and restoration areas are prerequisites for adopting differentiated ecological restoration and constructing a high-quality ecological security pattern for the territorial space,which in turn ensures a stable and healthy development of the regional ecosystem.Currently,guidance and method support for territorial spatial zoning are urgent needs for implementing systematic ecological conservation and restoration in Ningxia,China.The Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia,with its key ecological position and rich ecological resources,plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological security.In this study,taking the Liupan Mountain area as the research region,we construct a comprehensive indicator system that views ecosystems from a two-dimensional perspective of“service-problem”.This system optimizes and streamlines the dimensions,scales,and indicators previously used,addressing past simplifications.Based on this framework,we employ mainstream ecological restoration zoning methods,such as the InVEST model,spatial overlay mapping,and comprehensive index weighting.We apply a grid-based unit scale to quantitatively evaluate the importance and sensitivity of ecological services,ultimately completing ecological conservation and restoration zones and clarifying ecological restoration strategies.The key results of this study include the following:(1)The highly important areas of ecological services account for 33.4%,presenting a“south-north”corridor extending from Liupan Mountain to Nanhua Mountain,along with a centralized distribution within the“Yuanzhou-Pengyang”county territory.They serve as the main suppliers of ecological functions and present opportunities for optimization and upgrading within the region.(2)The highly sensitive area of the ecosystem accounts for 32.0%,which is concentrated in the“Haiyuan-Xiji”county territory and the eastern region of Yuanzhou County.They represent the main areas of ecological function demand and are the focus of conservation and restoration efforts in the region.(3)The proportion of ecological reserve zones is 15.7%,which requires strict ecological protection and monitoring management to promote structural optimization and functional upgrading within the ecosystem.Meanwhile,the proportion of ecological restoration zones and conservation zones accounted for 17.7%and 26.1%,respectively.They require comprehensive efforts to improve ecological benefits and control the risk of ecological degradation,which are guided by soil erosion control and land desertification prevention.The proportion of ecological regulation zones is 40.5%,exploring a transformation path for comprehensive optimization and coordination of the development and conservation pattern of the territorial space,particularly in the context of the“two mountains”initiative.The results of this study provide important spatial guidance for systematic and differentiated ecological conservation and restoration,as well as for the formulation of policies and project layout within the territorial space of the Liupan Mountain area.