白虎汤的临床应用及现代药理作用研究

Review on clinical application and modern pharmacological action of Baihutang

经典方剂蕴含着丰富的中医药理论与临床应用价值,支撑着中医理法方药的主要体系,是中医药传承发展的重要基石。经典方剂作用机理研究是当前国家中医药振兴计划中的重要内容,也是推动复方中药现代化创新应用的基本出发点。白虎汤最早记载于《伤寒论》,由石膏、知母、炙甘草和粳米组成,药味简练,配伍严谨,具清热生津之功效,主治阳明经证。在温病学中,白虎汤对应治疗气分热盛证,症见壮热面赤,烦渴引饮,汗出恶热,脉洪大有力。在现代临床医学中,白虎汤的临床解热效果显著,常与他方联合使用,应用广泛,医学意义重大。随着中医药的应用和研究发展,白虎汤治疗脓毒症、重症肺炎、感染性疾病、代谢性疾病等均有报道,并取得了一些突破性治疗效果。许多经方的临床创新性应用均需要作用机理的剖析作为支撑,而揭示复方中药作用的现代科学机理是中医药现代化面临的巨大挑战。白虎汤在经方中具有较好的代表性,现代药理学研究表明,白虎汤具有解热抗炎、免疫调控、保护血管、降血糖及抗氧化等药理作用。本文从白虎汤的组方配伍特点、传统应用、现代药理学研究等方面进行综述,可为白虎汤的临床应用与深入研究提供参考。

Classical prescription contains rich theoretical and clinical application value of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),supports the main system of TCM,and provides an important cornerstone for the inheritance and development of TCM.The study of the action mechanism of classical prescriptions is an important part of the current national revitalization plan of TCM,and it is also the basic starting point to promote the modernization and innovative application of TCM compound.Baihutang was first recorded in“Treatise on Febrile Diseases”.It is composed of Gypsum Fibrosum,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix and Japonica Rice.It has fewer herbs and a strict combination,and has the effect on Yangming Channel Syndrome.In febrile disease,Baihutang corresponds to the treatment of Qifen syndrome,which with the symptoms of heavy fever with face red,tired thirst to drink,sweat out evil heat,pulse flood and powerful.In modern clinical medicine,the clinical antipyretic effect of Baihutang is remarkable,and it is often used in combination with other prescriptions.With the application and research development of TCM,Baihutang has been reported to treat sepsis,severe pneumonia,a variety of infectious diseases,endocrine diseases,rheumatological and immunological diseases,mental diseases,and febrile diseases in various departments,and has achieved some breakthrough therapeutic effects.Many innovative clinical applications of prescription need to be supported by the analysis of mechanism of action.It is a great challenge for the modernization of TCM to reveal the modern scientific mechanism of the action of compound Chinese medicine,but it is representative of the modern scientific mechanism research on the action of Baihutang.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Baihutang has pharmacological effects such as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory,immune regulation,vascular protection,hypoglycemia and anti-oxidation.In this paper,the prescription characteristics,traditional application,and modern pharmacology of Baihutang were reviewed,and the future research direction of Baihutang was prospected.With the rise of the research upsurge of classical prescription,it is believed that the clinical application and research of Baihutang will get more innovations and breakthroughs.