中兽药保健对奶牛产后生产性能的影响

Effect of traditional Chinese veterinary health care on postpartum performance of dairy cows

研究中兽医保健对奶牛产后疾病及生产性能的影响。2019~2021年连续3年对宁夏某奶牛养殖场产后奶牛使用同一中兽药保健方案后,对奶牛产后疾病、泌乳性能、情期配种及犊牛60 d死淘率等指标进行统计分析。结果表明,与2019年相比,2021年该场奶牛产后胎衣不下发病率由14.80%降至5.70%,产后60 d疾病发病率由42.80%降至10.80%,其中消化道疾病发生率由11.10%降至1.00%,犊牛60 d死淘率由5.44%降至3.85%;2021年成母牛受胎率提高至46.97%,头均耗精支数下降1支,首次参配母牛受胎率提高至56.08%,头均耗精支数下降0.6支;2019~2021年经产牛与新产牛高峰奶量与持续力呈阶梯状增高和延长,新产牛和高产牛干物质采食量呈阶梯状升高;2019年所有参配母牛受孕配次最多为8次以上,2021年配次降低为5次,所有参配母牛受孕;与2019年相比,2021年奶牛产后首配受胎率由41.19%提高至56.51%,成母牛产后21 d配种率和受胎率分别提高至82.25%和37.33%,后备牛产后21 d配种率和受胎率分别提高至72.18%和42.78%。说明中兽医保健方案可降低奶牛产后疾病发生率、犊牛死淘率、受配母牛头均耗精支数及受配次数,提高母牛配种率和受胎率,并显著降低集约化奶牛场养殖成本。

In order to study the effect of traditional Chinese veterinary health care on postpartum diseases and performance of dairy cows.The experiment investigated and analyzed the data of postpartum disease occurrence,lactation performance,mating in estrous period and 60-day mortality rate of calves in a dairy farm in Ningxia after cows were given the same Chinese veterinary medicine health care program for three consecutive years in 2019,2020 and 2021.The results showed as follows:compared to 2019,the incidence rate of postpartum fetal overgrowth of cows in the dairy farm in 2021 decreased from 14.80%to 5.70%,the incidence rate of total diseases at 60 days postnatal decreased from 42.80%to 10.80%and the mortality rate of calves at 60 days postnatal decreased from 5.44%to 3.85%.In 2021,the conception rate of adult cows increased to 46.97%,and the number of sperm consumption per head decreased by 1.The conception rate increased to 56.08%,and average sperm consumption decreased by 0.6.From 2019 to 2021,the peak milk yield and sustained force of neonatal and neonatal cattle increased and extended in a stepwise fashion,and the dry matter intake range of neonatal and high-yielding cattle increased in a stepwise fashion.From 2019 to 2021,the postpartum first mating conception rate of dairy cows increased from 41.19%to 56.51%,and the maximum number of pregnancies of all reference cows in 2019 was more than 8 times,which decreased to 5 times in 2021.After all reference cows were impregnated,the 21-day postpartum mating rate and conception rate of adult cows increased to 82.25%and 37.33%,respectively.The mating rate and conception rate of reserve cattle at 21 days postpartum increased to 72.18%and 42.78%,respectively.These results indicated that the traditional Chinese veterinary health care scheme could reduce the incidence of postpartum diseases of dairy cows,the mortality rate of calves,the sperm consumption per head of the cows,and the frequency of mating,improve the mating rate and pregnancy rate,and reduce the breeding cost of intensive dairy farm.