野生山刺玫生长、形质的种源变异与区划

Provenance Variation and Regionalization of Growth,Stem-form Qualities of Wild Rosa davurica

为研究黑龙江省野生山刺玫生长、形质和粒重的种源差异和地理变异模式,从食饮和观赏角度筛选优良种源,以2014年移植造林营建的野生山刺玫试验林为研究对象,采用方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等方法,对生长、形质和粒重的种源差异和地理变异模式进行分析。结果表明:黑龙江省野生山刺玫种源的变异系数为9.25%~16.74%,生长、形质及粒重均存在显著的种源效应(P<0.05);平均表型分化系数为81.71%,种源间方差分量占比56.23%,种源间的变异是野生山刺玫表型性状的主要来源;果长、果宽、花风干重与温度相关因子呈显著正相关性(P<0.05),与湿度相关因子显著负相关(P<0.05),花风干重与果长、果宽呈显著正相关(P<0.05);Q型聚类分析表明种源区划分基本依据地理经度进行聚类,以欧氏距离10为阈值时,可将20个种源划分为3大类;主成分分析表明果宽、果长、花风干重和果实鲜重的变异对种群变异起主要贡献作用。黑龙江省野生山刺玫生长、形质在不同种源间存在丰富变异,产地温湿度气候因子对果实大小、花产量影响显著,根据食饮和观赏性,从主成分F值角度筛选出4个优良种源,依次是双鸭山宝山经营所、龙江错海林场、鸡西胜利林场和嘉荫太平林场。

To study the provenance differences and geographical variation patterns of growth,stem-form qualities,quality and grain weight of wild Rosa davurica in Heilongjiang province,and selected superior provenance from food,drink and ornamental.The experiment took the test forest of wild Rosa davurica.built in 2014 as the object,variance analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis were used to analyze the provenances and geographical variation patterns of growth,stem-form qualities and grain weigh.The results showed that coefficient of variation of provenance ranged from 9.25% and 16.74% in Heilongjiang province,there were significant provenance effects on growth,stem-form qualities and grain weight(P<0.05).The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 81.71%,proportion of variance components among provenances was 56.23%,the variation among provenances was the main source of phenotypic traits of wild Rosa davurica.Fruit length,fruit width and 50-flower air dry weight were positively correlated with temperature related factors(P<0.05),there were significant negative correlation with humidity related factors(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between 50-flower air dry weight and fruit length,fruit width(P<0.05).Q-type clustering analysis showed that the origin region was classified based on geographic longitude,with Euclidean distance 10 as the threshold,20 provenances could be divided into three categories.Principal component analysis showed that the variation of fruit width,fruit length,50-flower air dry weight and 100-fruit fresh weight played a major contribution role to population variation.There was abundant variation among different provenances of wild Rosa davurica in Heilongjiang province.The climatic factors of temperature and humidity had significant effects on fruit size and flower yield.From the perspective of principal component F value,four excellent provenances were selected according to diet and drinking and ornamental value,which were Baoshan business office in Shuangyashan,Cuohai Forestry Center in Longjiang,Shengli Forestry Center in Jixi,and Taiping Forestry Center in Jiayin.