后疫情时代出入境人员传染病防控措施探讨——基于山西口岸出入境人员传染病监测分析

Discussion on the Prevention and Control Measures of Infectious Diseases for Entry-Exit Personnel in the Post-Epidemic Era——Based on Analysis of Infectious Disease Surveillance for Entry-Exit Personnel at Shanxi Port

目的分析新冠疫情前后5年山西口岸出入境人员传染病流行特征,为后疫情时代精准高效开展出入境人员传染病监测和预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法以2017—2021年山西口岸30101名出入境人员为研究对象,整合基础信息以及体格检查、实验室检测结果,对传染病监测结果进行流行病学描述性研究。结果2017—2021年期间,山西口岸在30101名出入境人员中,共计检出6种581例传染病,检出率为1.93%,其中乙肝表面抗原阳性检出率最高(1.42%),其次为丙肝抗体阳性(0.31%)。出境人员传染病检出率(1.41%)明显高于入境人员(0.52%)。男性传染病检出率(2.20%)明显高于女性(1.27%)。随着年龄增长传染病检出率呈上升趋势,以60岁以上年龄段传染病检出率最高(3.87%)。不同人员类别中,出境人员以劳务人员的传染病检出率(2.24%)最高,入境人员以留学人员传染病例最多(77例),且集中在“一带一路”沿线国家人员。新冠疫情前后,年平均监测体检人数下降51.67%,年平均传染病检出率下降6.12%。结论山西口岸应加强对乙肝和丙肝的监测,加强男性、高年龄段人群以及出境劳务人员、入境留学人员传染病监测和预防控制工作。在后疫情时代,完善优化传染病防控体系,推动口岸卫生检疫工作高质量发展。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among entry-exit per-sonnel at Shanxi port in the past five years before and after COVID-19 epidemic,and to provide scientific basis for accurate and efficient surveillance,prevention and control of infectious diseases among entry-exit personnel in the post-epidemic era.Methods A total of 30101 entry-exit personnel at Shanxi port from 2017 to 2021 were se-lected as the research subjects,and the basic information,physical examination and laboratory test results were inte-grated to conduct an epidemiological descriptive study on the infectious disease surveillance results.Results From 2017 to 2021,among 30101 entry-exit personnel at Shanxi port,six categories of infectious diseases includ-ing 581 cases were detected,and the detection rate was 1.93%.In addition,the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positive detection was the highest(1.42%),followed by hepatitis C antibody positive(0.31%).The exit per-sonnel’s overall detection rate of infectious diseases(1.41%)was significantly higher than that of entry personnel(0.52%).The detection rate of infectious diseases in men(2.20%)was significantly higher than that in women(1.27%).The detection rate of infectious diseases was increased with growing age,and the age more than 60 showed the highest detection rate(3.87%).Among different categories of personnel,outbound+labor workers showed the high infectious disease detection rate(2.24%).Most of the imported cases were overseas students(77 cases),and most of them were from countries along the Belt and Road.Before and after the COVID-19 epidemic,the average annual number of people undergoing physical examination under surveillance decreased by 51.67%,and the aver-age annual detection rate of infectious diseases decreased by 6.12%.Conclusion Shanxi port should strengthen the surveillance of hepatitis B and C,and strengthen the surveillance,prevention and control of infectious diseases in males,elderly peoples,outbound labor workers and overseas students.In the post-epidemic era,the prevention and control system of infectious diseases should be improved and optimized to promote the high-quality develop-ment of port health and quarantine work.