基于风险分析基础上的单点系泊项目出入境船舶卫生检疫模式创新的思考——以东营港为例

Reflection on the Innovation of Health Quarantine Mode of Entry and Exit Ships for Single Point Mooring Project Based on Risk Analysis:Taking Dongying Port as an Example

单点系泊模式通过海上的单点浮筒和海底管道供大型油轮系泊和装卸原油,改变了港口码头概念,摆脱了地理环境的束缚,充分发挥了大型船舶运输的优点。当前单点系泊船舶出入境检疫工作与普通船舶卫生检疫措施等同,并未根据其项目特殊性深入分析研判潜在风险,造成监管效率的下降。本文根据单点系泊船舶靠泊特点,识别分析可能存在的卫生检疫风险点,将海关监管要求嵌入企业项目设计建设全过程,采取针对性措施把风险控制在最小范围,在此基础上通过对卫生检疫体制机制优化和信息化系统应用,探索对远海靠泊的大型油轮和管道卸货原油实现集约化、智能化监管创新,以提升监管效能,构建适应单点系泊项目船舶智慧化监管方式,服务保障国家能源战略安全。

The single point mooring mode provides mooring and crude oil loading and unloading for large oil tank-ers through single point buoys and submarine pipelines at sea,changing the concept of ports and terminals,break-ing free from the constraints of geographical environment,and fully leveraging the advantages of large-scale ship transportation.The current entry and exit quarantine measures for single point mooring ships are equivalent to those for ordinary ships,and potential risks have not been thoroughly analyzed and evaluated based on the specificity of their projects,resulting in a decrease in regulatory efficiency.This article identifies and analyzes potential health and quarantine risk points based on the berthing characteristics of single point mooring ships,embeds customs su-pervision requirements into the entire process of enterprise project design and construction,and takes targeted mea-sures to control risks to the minimum extent.Based on this,by optimizing the health and quarantine system mecha-nism and applying information systems,we explore the innovation of intensive and intelligent supervision for unload-ing crude oil from large oil tankers and pipelines berthing in the open sea,to enhance regulatory efficiency,build an intelligent supervision method for ships adapting to single point mooring projects,and serve to ensure national en-ergy strategic security.