完善我国职业放贷法律规制之探析

Improvement of Legal Regulations of Professional Lending

近年来,我国民间借贷趋向于规模化、职业化,逐步形成了职业放贷人。职业放贷一方面解决了中小企业的融资问题,另一方面也带来了金融风险。为了规范职业放贷,我国出台了相关政策文件,但仍有部分问题有待探讨。从理解职业放贷及相关概念入手,分析职业放贷产生的原因、存在的合理性及其带来的风险,立足于职业放贷的规制现状,对法律规定不明确而实务中出现频次较高的问题进行分析,继而提出健全职业放贷规制的建议:确立职业放贷法治化运作空间,保证优质放贷主体进入市场;细化职业放贷人的认定标准;建构分类管制的利率机制。

In recent years,China's private lending tends to large scale and professionalization.On the one hand,professional lending solves the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises;on the other hand,it brings financial risks.In order to regulate professional lending,the state has issued relevant policy documents,but there are still some problems to be discussed.Starting from the understanding of professional lending and related concepts,this paper analyzes the causes of professional lending,the rationality of existence and the risks it brings.Based on the regulation status of professional lending,this paper analyzes the problems of unclear legal provisions but high frequency in practice,and then puts forward suggestions to improve the regulation of professional lending:establishing the operation space of professional lending under the rule of law to ensure that high-quality lenders enter the market;refining the identification criteria of professional lenders;and constructing the interest rate mechanism of classification control.