《老乞大》四种版本语气副词比较探究

A Comparative Study on Modal Adverbs in the Four Versions of Nogeoldae

《老乞大》四种版本依次反映了元、明、清三代语言的使用情况。对其中因用词不同而造成的异文进行比较,考察语气副词的更替演变,可以从侧面勾勒出元、明、清三代语言的发展变化。《老乞大》四种版本语气副词的历时更替,既能反映其词义演变规律,也能反映近代汉语词汇的发展情况。研究发现,相较于元、明时期,清代语气副词由隐而显,使用频率增加,这表明当时语言的使用更追求严密性,更突显说写者的主观性,讲究交际中的最佳关联。

The four versions of Nogeoldae reflected usages of language in the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties.By comparing the different texts caused by different words and investigating the replacement and evolution of modal adverbs,we can outline the development and changes of the language in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.The diachronic alternation of modal adverbs in the four versions of Nogeoldae can reflect not only the evolution of their meanings,but also the development of modern Chinese vocabulary.It is found that,compared with the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties,the use of modal adverbs in the Qing Dynasty increased from implicit to explicit,indicating that the language used at that time pursued more strictness,highlighted the subjectivity of the speaker and writer,and paid attention to the optimal relevance in communication.