紫花苜蓿白粉病及其抗性机制研究现状

Research progress on Medicago sativa powdery mildew and its resistance mechanism

白粉病是由白粉菌侵染引起的一类真菌病害,也是最广泛流行的植物病害之一,可以危害上万种被子植物。紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是最重要的豆科牧草之一,其营养价值高、适口性好、固氮能力强。近年来随着苜蓿种植密度的增加以及肥料的过度使用,使得苜蓿白粉病的发生越来越严重。基于此,本文主要介绍了苜蓿白粉病症状、致病菌、发病条件等内容,为准确识别和诊断苜蓿白粉病,了解苜蓿白粉病的发生规律并及时防治奠定基础;同时,归纳总结了白粉病对苜蓿的危害及苜蓿对白粉病的抗性机制方面的研究,发现苜蓿白粉病发生较为普遍且严重影响苜蓿的产量及品质。但目前苜蓿抗病基因克隆较少、抗病机制的研究仍然处于初级阶段、抗性种质资源缺乏。针对以上问题提出在深入了解苜蓿的白粉病抗性机制的基础上,将传统育种与现代生物技术相结合,不断挖掘抗病新基因,培育更稳定、持久的抗病新种质。本文旨在为苜蓿白粉病的深入研究提供参考。

Powdery mildew is one of the most widespread plant diseases.It is a fungal disease caused by Erysiphales,and could infect tens of thousands of angiosperms.Medicago sativa is one of the most important forage legumes,which has high nutritional value,high palatability,and strong nitrogen fixation ability.In recent years,with the increase in alfalfa planting density and the overuse of fertilizer,the occurrence of alfalfa powdery mildew has become increasingly severe.For this reason,the symptoms and pathogenic and morbidity conditions of alfalfa powdery mildew were introduced in this study,which lays the foundation for accurate recognition and diagnosis,understanding the regularity of occurrence,timely prevention and treatment of the alfalfa powdery mildew.Meanwhile,the studies on the harm of powdery mildew to alfalfa and the resistance mechanism of alfalfa to powdery mildew were summarized.It was found that the alfalfa powdery mildew commonly occurred and severely endangered the yield and quality of alfalfa.However,few resistance genes were cloned in alfalfa,and research on the resistance mechanism and resistance germplasms were also lacking.Therefore,to solve these problems,this review has proposed combining traditional breeding and modern biotechnology based on an in-depth understanding of the alfalfa resistance mechanism.New resistance genes should be continuously explored and more stable and durable new resistance germplasms should be cultivated.This review aimed to provide references for further study of alfalfa powdery mildew.