数字技术创新背景下的员工转型:整合框架与研究展望

Transformation of Employees against the Backdrop of Digital TechnologyInnovation: Integration Framework and Research Prospects

数字技术的广泛应用正深刻改变员工工作环境、工作方式和工作内容,在此过程中员工面临一系列转型压力与挑战。首先,采用文献研究方法从人的数字化发展入手,提出员工数字化转型这一议题,界定员工数字化转型的内涵和核心要义;其次,梳理员工数字化转型研究发展历程,归纳相关研究情境;再次,深入剖析员工数字化转型文献在不同层面的研究变量、理论基础、核心观点、研究转向;最后,构建员工数字化转型“影响因素—转型过程—作用结果”整合框架,从个人和组织层面提出未来研究展望,为转型中的组织、个人把握与利用发展规律提供理论依据,为未来相关研究提供参考。

,or key words.The time span of the literature search is from 2002 to 2022,and 152 English and 58 Chinese texts are obtained as the analysis objects.The results show that since the beginning of this century,employees in technological change have attracted the attention of domestic and foreign researchers,but domestic research in this field has maintained a low growth trend.The research is conducted around the use of digital technologies at work,with a focus on innovation and performance.These studies have focused on three contexts:the use of social media,telework,and the use of information and big data.In this paper,guided by the analysis framework of antecedents-behaviors-consequences,the research achievements and research trends at various levels are reviewed accordingly.First,a large amount of research has explored the individual and organizational factors that influence the transformation.The variables involved in the studies focus on cognition,individual abilities and characteristics,and organizational and leadership characteristics.The studies show the characteristics of system steering.The research results have evolved from the cognition of technology and social norms in the early days to emphasizing that the success of digital transformation for employees is determined by multiple factors and requires more complex resource integration.Second,in the process of transformation,employees have two kinds of behaviors:active participation and passive resistance.During this process,employees play different roles and have different emotions.On the whole,there are few studies on the transformation process,but they show the characteristics of multi-dimension.The research has shifted the perspective from the behavioral process of technology adoption to the emotional and experiential process and from the perspective of participation or resistance to explore the richer social and psychological expression of employees in the workplace.Third,the digital transformation of employees has both positive and negative impacts on individuals and organizations.The research results show the characteristic of integration,that is,the positive and negative results brought by the digital transformation,are incorporated into a research framework.Within the integration framework of"influencing factors—transformation process—results",this study puts forward the prospect of future research focus.First of all,the classification of digital transformation of employees should be improved according to different contexts,and the inconsistent views of existing research should be addressed.Secondly,longitudinal research methods should be adopted to study the process mechanism of transformation and the change in individual ability.Finally,the effectiveness of digital transformation for employees should be enhanced at the individual and organizational levels.