台风影响下珠江口实测波浪特征分析

Measured Wave Characteristics in Pearl River Estuary under Typhoon Impact

珠江口近岸波浪环境受台风影响显著。研究基于珠江口澳门水域浮标观测资料,分析了2017—2022年11场台风影响期间波浪特征参数(波高、波向、波浪周期等)及其相关关系,探究了台风对珠江口近岸波浪环境的影响。结果表明,最大波高与有效波高、十分之一大波与有效波高、有效周期与有效波高之间均具有较高相关性,并拟合得到了经验公式。本海域台风影响期间主波向为SSE、出现频率为37.92%,次波向为S,出现频率为26.11%,对于有效波高大于3 m、最大波高大于4 m的极端波浪,频率分别为0.65%、1.95%,波向主要分布在ENE—SSW。对于平均周期大于6 s的长周期波浪,波向主要分布在ESE—S,出现频率为12.86%。波浪参数关系及特性分析结果可为珠江口海堤、防波堤等海岸防护工程的设计和研究提供参考。

The nearshore wave environment of the Pearl River Estuary is significantly affected by typhoons.Based on the buoy observation data in Macao waters of the Pearl River Estuary,wave characteristic parameters(wave height,wave direction,wave period,etc.)and their correlation during the impact of 11 typhoons from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed,and the impact of typhoons on the nearshore wave environment at the Pearl River Estuary was studied.The results show a high correlation between the maximum wave height and the significant wave height,between the one-tenth of the large waves and the significant wave height,and between the significant wave period and the significant wave height,and then the empirical formula is fitted.During the typhoon influence in this area,the main wave direction is SSE with a frequency of about 37.92%;the secondary wave direction is S with a frequency of about 26.11%.For the extreme waves with a significant wave height of greater than 3 m and a maximum wave height of greater than 4 m,the frequencies are 0.65%and 1.95%,respectively.The wave direction is mainly distributed in ENE-SSW.For long-period waves with a mean wave period of greater than 6 s,the wave direction is mainly distributed in ESE-S,with a frequency of about 12.86%.These wave parameters relationships and characteristics can provide references for the design and research of coastal protection projects such as seawalls and breakwaters in the Pearl River Estuary.