现代医疗境遇中的新文化知识分子--从周作人丧女说起

New Culture Intellectuals in the Context of Modern Medicine:On the Death of Zhou Zuoren’s Daughter

具有“医生”身份认同的新文化知识分子,大多将反中医作为其文化批判的重要内容,且经常结合个人的中医遭遇来表明这种意图,但很少有人注意到启蒙者在现代医疗环境中的不满情绪,以及这种情绪与启蒙话语间的张力。以周作人丧女引发的医疗纠纷为起点,同时引入鲁迅、胡适、梁启超等人的案例为参照,可以揭示启蒙者与大众在现代医病关系中的态度差异,考察国人的医疗境遇在由传统向现代转变之际,病人(病家)自主性逐渐丧失的背景下,启蒙话语内在的个人解放精神和进步的乐观主义遭遇“文明及其不满”时的复杂情形。

Most New Culture intellectuals with the identity of a“physician”regarded opposition against Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)as an important aspect of their cultural criticism.They often integrated bitter personal experiences with the TCM to exemplify their positions.Nevertheless,little attention has been paid to the Enlighteners’discontent in the context of modern medicine and the tension with the discourse of Enlightenment.Taking the disputes caused by the death of Zhou Zuoren’s daughter as a starting point,we can unravel the discrepancies between the attitudes of the Enlighteners and the public on the doctor-patient relationship in the context of modern medicine.The cases of Lu Xun,Hu Shi,Liang Qichao,and others are also introduced.It examines the circumstances of the Chinese people amidst the transformation of medicine from its traditional context towards a modern one against the background of a gradual loss of autonomy traditionally held by patients and their family members.This paper also studies the spirit of individual liberation and optimism for progress within the Enlightenment discourse and the complexities of its encounter with“civilization and its discontents.”