基于SBE法与AHP法的森林公园森林景观质量评价研究

Study on the Evaluation of Forest Landscape Quality in Forest Parks Based on the SBE and AHP Methods

以广州市石门国家森林公园32个景观样地为研究对象,采用美景度评价法(SBE法)和层次分析法(AHP法)对广州市石门国家森林公园的森林景观质量进行评价。引入灰色统计法建立3个准则层,14项评价因子的评价体系,权重分布显示,观赏特性多样性等6项评价因子对森林公园森林景观质量影响较大;景观样地的AHP评价结果为Ⅰ级景观2个,Ⅱ级景观5个,Ⅲ级景观25个,无Ⅳ级景观,且Ⅰ、Ⅱ级景观样地中,植物群落结构均为乔-灌-草,表明植物生活型结构多样性对森林景观整体质量具有很大的影响;采用Kendall’s W协同系数对美景度评价法和层次分析法计算的YSBE与YAHP值进行一致性检验,得到W=0.98,渐进显著性0.007<0.05,表明美景度评价法与层次分析法的评价结果一致性高;将经标准化处理的YSBE与YAHP汇总得到各景观样地的综合得分与排序。结果显示,森林公园森林景观质量整体处于中等水平,应通过提高森林公园重要节点色彩丰富度,丰富植物群落层次等手段,从景观美学、景观生态与景观行为心理3个方面,提升森林公园森林景观质量。

The forest landscape quality of Shimen National Forest Park of Guangzhou was assessed using the Scenic Beauty Estimation(SBE)procedure and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)on 32 selected landscape sites.To establish a comprehensive evaluation framework,Grey Statistical Analysis was introduced,resulting in the creation of 3 criterion layers and the inclusion of 14 evaluation factors.Weight distribution analysis revealed that 6 evaluation factors,notably the diversity of ornamental characteristics,had a substantial impact on the forest landscape quality of the park.The AHP evaluation classified the landscape sites into 2 Level I categories,5 Level II categories,and 25 Level III categories,with no Level IV landscapes identified.Significantly,within both Level I and Level II landscapes,the plant community structure consistently exhibited a tree-shrubherb pattern,underscoring the significant influence of plant life form diversity on the overall forest landscape quality.A consistency test was conducted using Kendalls W concordance coefficient between the YSBE and YAHP values,resulting in a high level of consistency between the assessments derived from the SBE and the AHP,with W=0.98 and a significance level of 0.007<0.05.The comprehensive scores and rankings for each landscape site were obtained by summarizing the standardized YSBE and YAHP values.The findings revealed that the overall forest landscape quality in the park falls within the moderate range.Strategies to enhance the quality of the forest landscape in the park should consider aspects of aesthetics,ecology,and psychological factors related to landscape behavior,including improving color diversity at key park nodes and enriching the hierarchical structure of plant communities.