药品不良反应的原因分析及预防对策

Causes and Preventive Measures of Adverse Drug Reactions

目的探讨药品不良反应(ADR)的发生原因和预防对策。方法采用回顾性调查方法,通过国家药品不良反应监测网收集医院2021年1月至2022年3月上报的317例ADR,分析ADR发生的原因,并提出预防措施。结果317例患者中,30~59岁和≥60岁患者ADR发生率更高,分别为56.15%和41.64%;静脉给药方式ADR发生率最高(65.93%);心脑血管ADR发生率最高(30.91%)。结论中老年群体、静脉给药、心脑血管药物和抗菌药物是ADR发生的主要原因,需予以合理预防。

Objective To investigate the causes and preventive measures of adverse drug reactions(ADR).Methods A total of 317 ADRs reported by hospitals from January 2021 to March 2022 were collected through the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Network by retrospective survey method.The causes of ADRs were analyzed and preventive measures were proposed.Results Among 317 patients,the incidence of ADR was higher in 30-59 years old and≥60 years old patients,with 56.15%and 41.64%.The highest incidence of ADR was observed in intravenous administration(65.93%).The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ADR was the highest(30.91%).Conclusion The middle-aged and elderly population,intravenous administration,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs,and antibiotics are the main causes of ADR,and reasonable prevention is needed.