脑卒中住院患者性别、年龄及时空分布特征:基于宁夏地区19万例患者数据

Characteristics of Gender,Age,Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Stroke Hospitalization Cases Based on the Data of 190000 Patients in Ningxia Region

背景脑卒中是血液无法流入大脑而导致脑组织受损的一种急性脑血管疾病,其致残率、致死率以及复发率较高,宁夏地区相关研究多为脑卒中临床相关分析,缺乏对近年宁夏地区脑卒中住院情况的变化趋势分析。目的分析宁夏地区脑卒中住院患者疾病流行特征及分布情况,为制定脑卒中综合防治措施提供依据。方法收集宁夏地区共55家中医及西医医院的病案首页数据,筛选出2013—2019年出院且主要诊断为脑卒中[国际疾病分类(ICD)-10编码为I60~I63]的数据进行分析。应用SPSS 24.0软件采用χ^(2)检验对性别及年龄进行差异性分析,应用地理信息系统采用全局空间自相关分析方法对宁夏地区2013—2019年脑卒中住院率数据的分布进行分析。结果最终纳入190634例脑卒中患者数据。2013—2019年宁夏地区脑卒中住院率呈逐年上升趋势(住院率分别为24.302/10000、30.045/10000、34.949/10000、39.397/10000、44.049/10000、47.617/10000、52.944/10000,χ_(趋势)^(2)=5.982,P=0.014),且在每年的寒冷季节住院率较高,每年3月份有1个明显的高峰,之后稍有下降。2013—2019年宁夏地区脑卒中住院患者中,缺血性脑卒中167194例,出血性脑卒中23440例;缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中患者不同性别、年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=473.533、7518.543,P<0.05);且从数据上看,缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中男性、≥60岁住院患者所占比例均超过50%。全局空间自相关分析结果显示,2013年、2018年和2019年脑卒中住院率存在空间聚集性(P<0.05)。空间分布图显示,宁夏地区住院的脑卒中患者主要集中在宁夏中北部。结论2013—2019年宁夏地区脑卒中患者住院率表现为不断上升且存在不同程度的聚集性,住院率较高的地区集中在宁夏中北部。

Background Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which blood fails to flow into the brain,resulting in damage to brain tissue,with high rates of disability,death,and recurrence,and most of the related studies in Ningxia region are clinical analyses of strokes,which lack trend analysis of stroke hospitalization in Ningxia in recent years.Objective To analyze the disease prevalence characteristics and distribution of stroke hospitalized patients in Ningxia,and provide a basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for stroke.Methods The case home page data of 55 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and western medicine in Ningxia region were collected,and the data discharged from 2013 to 2019 with a primary diagnosis of stroke[International Classification of Diseases(ICD)-10 coded as I60-I63]were screened and analyzed.SPSS 24.0 software was applied to analyze the differences in gender and age using the chi-square test,and a geographic information system(GIS)was applied to analyze the distribution of stroke hospitalization rate data across Ningxia from 2013 to 2019 using global spatial auto correlation analysis.Results A total of 190634 stroke patients were finally included.The hospitalization rate of stroke in Ningxia region showed an increasing trend year by year from 2013 to 2019(hospitalization rates of 24.302/10000,30.045/10000,34.949/10000,39.397/10000,44.049/10000,47.617/10000,and 52.944/10000,respectively,χ_(trend)^(2)=5.982,P=0.014),and the hospitalization rates were higher during the cold season of each year,with a significant peak in March and a slight decline thereafter.Among the stroke inpatients in Ningxia from 2013 to 2019,there were 167194 cases of ischemic stroke and 23440 cases of hemorrhagic stroke;there was significant difference between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke patients in gender and age(χ^(2)=473.533,7518.543,P<0.05);and the proportion of male,≥60 years old hospitalized patients in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke exceeded 50% from the data.The results of global auto correlation analysis showed spatial aggregation of stroke hospitalization rates in 2013,2018 and 2019(P<0.05).The spatial distribution map showed that the hospitalized stroke patients in Ningxia were mainly concentrated in north-central Ningxia.Conclusion From 2013 to 2019,the hospitalization rate of stroke patients in Ningxia showed increasing and varying degrees of aggregation,and the areas with higher hospitalization rates were concentrated in north-central Ningxia.