英国现代学徒制治理体系的历史演进、建构经验与启示

Historical Evolution, Construction Experience and Enlightenment ofBritish Modern Apprenticeship Governance System

英国学徒制在曲折的发展过程中历经时代洗礼与自我革新,如今以现代学徒制的形式出现在后工业社会,成为各国职业教育改革的借鉴标杆。纵观英国现代学徒制的发展,主要经历了政府初步干预的分散化发展、政府主导的制度化发展、基于雇主需求的政府统筹法制化、学徒制需求主导的多元主体共治的演进过程。在治理过程中,英国现代学徒制构建了雇主、政府、市场协同共生的支持系统,提供了规范配套的法律与制度保障,创建了完善的质量保障体系,完善了针对不同主体的配套激励机制。通过梳理英国现代学徒治理体系的演进历程和建构经验,提出我国在全面推行现代学徒制过程中应注重构筑以企业需求为中心的多元协同机制,建立长效发展的制度保障机制,打造高标准的质量导向保障机制,构建指向性明确的驱动激励机制。

British apprenticeship has undergone the baptism of the times and self-innovation in the tortuous development process.It has now appeared in the post-industrial society in the form of modern apprenticeship,and has become a reference for the reform of vocational education in various countries.Throughout the development of modern apprenticeship system in Britain,it has mainly experienced the decentralized development of initial government intervention,the institutional development led by the government,the legalization of the government s overall planning based on the needs of employers,and multi-subject co-governance led by the needs of the apprenticeship system.In the process of governance,British modern apprenticeship system has built a support system for the symbiosis of employers,government and market,provided standardized legal and institutional guarantees,created a perfect quality assurance system,and improved supporting incentives for different subjects.By sorting out the evolution process and construction experience of modern apprenticeship governance system in Britain,this paper proposes that it is necessary to focus on building a multi-coordinated mechanism centered on the needs of enterprises,establishing the guarantee mechanism of long-term development system,creating a high-standard quality-oriented guarantee mechanism,and building a driving incentive mechanism with clear directivity in the process of fully implementing modern apprenticeship system in China.