农村宅基地季节性闲置与完全闲置的比较——基于全国百县调查

Comparing Seasonal and Perennial Underuse of Rural Residential Land:Evidence from Survey Data of 100 Counties

研究目的:识别我国宅基地闲置的类型特征,分析不同类型的形成原因,为闲置宅基地科学管理、分类整治提供理论参考。研究方法:基于一项全国百县调查数据,对宅基地季节性和完全闲置进行比较研究,利用多元线性回归模型考察二者的影响因素。研究结果:季节性闲置比完全闲置更为常见,平均程度更深,村际差异也更大。中部地区农村宅基地平均闲置率最高且以季节性闲置为主,区位偏远农村季节性闲置更为普遍。人口迁移对宅基地闲置的解释力最强,家庭化迁移直接导致宅基地闲置;地理条件差异是形塑宅基地闲置地域分异的基础;确权颁证发挥产权固化的作用,对两种闲置均有促进作用;基础设施配套完善能有效抑制完全闲置,非农就业则明显提高季节性闲置。研究结论:季节性闲置宅基地仍发挥居住功能,不应视为资源浪费;完全闲置才是宅基地资源浪费的典型,在具体整治时应予以重点关注。

The purposes of this study are to accurately identify the types of underused rural residential land and to compare its influencing factors to provide the theoretical references for scientific management and discriminating governance of rural residential land.The research methods are as follows.Based on a national survey of 100 counties,seasonal and perennial underuse of rural residential land are compared,and multiple regression model is used to explore the influencing factors.The results show that seasonal underuse is more common and deeper than perennial underuse.The highest rate of underuse is the central region dominated by seasonal underuse,and seasonal underuse is more common in remote villages.Population migration is the most significant factor,and family migration directly leads to underuse.The geographical differences are the fundamental factors shaping the geographical variation of underused rural residential land.The issuance of certificates has served to solidify property rights,which contributes to both types of underuse.The improved infrastructure facilities are more effective in curbing perennial underuse,while off-farm employment significantly increases seasonal underuse.It concludes that seasonal underuse of rural residential land still serves a residential function and should not be regarded as the waste of resources.Perennial underuse is the typical waste of rural residential land resources,and should be given governance priority.