从功能主义出发的康德心灵哲学

Kant's Philosophy of Mind from Functionalism

随着认知科学的发展,部分研究者将康德哲学与当代认知科学和人工智能的研究结合起来,认为康德的先验心理学与功能主义类似,甚至认为康德的心灵理论是功能主义的早期版本。康德的心灵理论与功能主义理论有表面上的相似性,但其使用的先验方法比功能主义更为复杂。康德认为,心灵具有一种先验结构,而功能主义是无法对其进行论证的。功能主义以因果关系为前提,而在康德看来,因果关系是认知过程的产物;同时,功能主义认为在认知过程中自我不是必要的条件,而康德认为,自我是认知客观性的必要条件,其自我学说不仅是逻辑的,还是本体论的。康德哲学与认知科学中功能主义的联系只能是一种弱的联系,功能主义的康德解释有其自身的局限性。

With the development of cognitive science,some researchers have combined Kant's philosophy with contemporary cognitive science and artificial intelligence research.They believe that Kant's transcendental psychology is similar to functionalism,and Kant's theory of mind is functionalism,in the early version of Kant.Kant's theory of mind and functionalist theory are superficially similar,but the transcendental method used is more complicated than that of functionalism.Kant believes that the mind has a transcendental structure,and functionalism cannot justify it.Functionalism presupposes causality,and in Kant's view,causality is a product of the cognitive process;at the same time,functionalism believes that self is not a necessary condition for the cognitive process,while Kant believes that self is necessary conditions for cognition of objectivity,and self is not only logical,but also ontological.The connection between Kant's philosophy and functionalism in cognitive science can only be a weak connection,and the interpretation of functionalism to Kant's philosophy has its own limitations.