马克思论剥削:基于康德视角的分析

Marx on Exploitation:A Kantian Perspective

尽管研究卡尔·马克思的学者们对剥削概念进行了详尽的讨论,但关于资本主义剥削的最佳概念仍然存在着较大分歧。本文试图借助康德的伦理学理论来推动这场争论,其目的是为马克思主义道德论者提供康德伦理学的基础,以解释他们何以本能地相信资本主义剥削的不正义性。除了使用目的公式本身来发展对资本主义剥削的康德式表述(这反过来又与学者们在马克思理论中发现的关于资本主义剥削的三个主要概念进行了比较),本文还提出了反等级制的慈善资本家的概念,他们虽然缺乏超越资本主义基本制度的动机,但仍然愿意放弃一些不利于工人的收益并倾听工人们的意见。

Despite exhaustive discussion among scholars of Karl Marx,there remains significant disagreement regarding the best conception of capitalist exploitation.This article tries to move the debate forward by drawing on the ethical theory of Immanuel Kant.The aim is to give moralizing Marxists a foundation in Kantian ethics for the injustice of capitalist exploitation that they already instinctively believe in.As well as using the formula of the end in itself to develop a Kantian articulation of capitalist exploitation(which is in turn compared and contrasted with the three leading conceptions of capitalist exploitation found in Marx scholarship),the article also develops the idea of an antihierarchy philanthropist-capitalist—someone who is not yet motivated to move beyond basic capitalist institutions but who is nevertheless willing to listen to(and forgo some gains that do not benefit)his workers.