缺血性脑卒中的神经血管单元潜在治疗靶点研究进展

Advances in Potential Therapeutic Targets of Neurovascular Unit in Ischemic Stroke

缺血性脑卒中(IS)是缺血缺氧导致神经功能损伤的脑血管疾病,已成为高致死率和高致残率的主要症候群之一。神经血管单元(NVU)是由神经元、血脑屏障、胶质细胞及细胞外基质共同构成的一个功能结构区,也是维持大脑微环境稳态的细胞单元,细胞单元中的任一结构在IS的生理和病理过程中均发挥重要作用。近年来,对于IS治疗靶点的研究不仅局限于促进血管新生、修复受损神经元等方面,还着眼于调节胶质细胞极化、减少细胞外基质和血脑屏障破坏等方面,从而整体保护NVU。因此,对NVU结构成分的梳理及病理机制的总结有望为寻找减轻IS损伤、改善疾病预后的新靶点提供新思路。

Ischemic stroke(IS)is a cerebrovascular disease caused by ischemia and hypoxia,which has become one of the major syndromes with high mortality and disability rates.The neurovascular unit(NVU)is a functional structural region composed of neurons,blood-brain barrier,glial cells and extracellular matrix,which is a cellular unit that maintains the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment,and any structure in the cellular unit plays an important role in the physiological and pathological process of IS.In recent years,research on therapeutic targets for IS is not only limited to promoting angiogenesis and repairing damaged neurons,but also focuses on the regulation of glial cell polarization,reducing the destruction of extracellular matrix and blood-brain barrier and achieving the overall protection of the NVU.Therefore,the sorting out of the structural components and the summarizing of pathological mechanisms of NVU are expected to provide new ideas for finding new targets to mitigate IS damage and improve prognosis.