细胞外囊泡表面修饰技术在心血管疾病中的应用进展

Application Progress of Extracellular Vesicle Surface Modification Technology in Cardiovascular Disease

细胞外囊泡(EV)具有天然、稳定、免疫原性低及靶向性等特点,可作为生物标志物实现诊断价值,同时其还具有装载药物或基因成分治疗疾病的潜能,但天然EV功能存在局限性。表面修饰技术可通过在EV表面加载新配件有效提高EV的靶向性,是开发工程EV药物递送系统的关键技术之一。目前EV表面修饰技术主要分为基因工程、物理技术和化学技术三类,三者各有利弊,分别适用于不同的临床场景。在心血管疾病中,EV表面修饰技术已进行了临床前研究,展现出作为药物递送系统的独特优势,为未来临床应用推广奠定了基础。

Extracellular vesicle(EV)have the characteristics of natural,stable,low immunogenicity,and targeting,which can serve as biomarkers for diagnostic value.Meanwhile,they also have the potential to load drugs or gene components to treat diseases.However,the natural EV have certain limitations,while surface modification technology can effectively improve the targeting ability by adding new adaptors to the surface of EV,and is a key technology in developing EV drug delivery systems.Currently,EV surface modification technology can be divided into three categories:genetic engineering,physical technology,and chemical technology.Each of these technologies has its own advantages and disadvantages,suitable for different clinical scenarios.Preclinical studies of EV surface modification technology in cardiovascular disease have demonstrated its unique advantages as a drug delivery system and have laid the foundation for future clinical applications.