有机肥对化肥替代弹性效应研究——以甘薯为例

Research on the Substitution Elasticity Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Chemical Fertilizers-Taking Sweet Potato as an Example

利用2021年国家甘薯产业技术体系产业经济固定观察点数据,构建超越对数生产函数模型,以有机肥施用量、化肥施用量、劳动力人数、其他资本投入和甘薯种植面积为投入要素,甘薯单产为产出要素。实证研究甘薯种植生长过程中,有机肥与化肥的施用对甘薯产量的影响,并探索二者之间的替代关系及程度。结果显示,有机肥与化肥均对甘薯单产有显著正向影响,化肥的产出弹性为0.817,是甘薯生长过程中最重要的投入要素,有机肥的产出弹性为0.503,有机肥对甘薯单产的影响弱于化肥,并且二者对甘薯单产的影响均呈现倒“U”形,但有机肥对于化肥产出弹性的提高具有正向促进作用。有机肥与化肥的替代弹性小于1,二者之间替代关系较弱,存在一定的互补性,因此为了保证甘薯的产量和品质,应推广有机肥和化肥配合施用。产出弹性在不同的薯区之间存在差异性,因地制宜施用肥料,了解土壤的基础肥力、生化环境至关重要。因此,建议提高有机肥的施用来促进化肥的产出效率,因地制宜选择适量的有机肥化肥配施,提高肥料的利用率和经济效益。

Using the fixed observation point data of the national sweet potato industry technology system in 2021,this paper constructs a transcend logarithmic production function model.Taking organic fertilizer application amount,chemical fertilizer application amount,labor force,other capital input and sweet potato planting area as input factors,sweet potato yield per unit is the output factor.This paper empirically studies the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on the productivity of sweet potato in the process of sweet potato planting and growth,and explores the substitution relationship and degree between the two.The results showed that both organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer had a significant positive effect on sweet potato yield.The output elasticity of chemical fertilizer was 0.817,which was the most important input factor in the growth process of sweet potato.The output elasticity of organic fertilizer was 0.503.The effect of fertilizer is weaker than that of chemical fertilizer,and both of them have an inverted U-shaped effect on sweet potato yield,but organic fertilizer has a positive effect on the improvement of fertilizer output elasticity.The substitution elasticity of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is less than 1,the substitution relationship between the two is weak,and there is a certain complementarity.Therefore,in order to ensure the yield and quality of sweet potato,the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer should be promoted There are differences in yield elasticity between different potato regions.It is very important to understand the basic fertility and biochemical environment of the soil when applying fertilizers according to local conditions.Therefore,this paper proposes to increase the application of organic fertilizers to promote the output efficiency of chemical fertilizers,and to choose the appropriate amount of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers according to local conditions,so as to improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of fertilizers.