苹果扦插培育装置结构设计与仿真优化

Structure design and simulation optimization of apple cuuting and breeding equipment

针对苹果嫩枝扦插生根培育中地热线控制基质温度不均匀的问题,设计了基于水循环控温装置—恒温母盘,利用计算流体力学(CFD)对恒温母盘流场均匀性进行数值模拟,以各通道流速平均值与入口流速比值为指标,设计单因素实验,对恒温母盘进行结构优化改进,确立最优结构。结果表明,恒温母盘内部增设倾角45°的离散式T型导流板后,通道流速平均值达到0.502 m/s,与入口流速比值为1.004,流场均匀性良好;通过穴槽基质测温实验,保持恒温母盘进口流速0.5 m/s、水温20℃时,基质达到温度稳定时长需13 min,监测点基质温度稳定在19.6℃~20℃,恒温母盘结构设计达到苹果扦插培育基质控温要求。

To solve the problem of uneven temperature of substrate controlled by geothermal line in rooting cultivation of apple twig cutting,a temperature control device was designed with a water circulation-constant temperature master disk.CFD was performed to numerically simulate the uniformity of the flow field of the constant temperature master disk,and a single factor experiment was designed to optimize and improve the structure of constant temperature master disk considering the ratio of the average velocity of each channel to the inlet velocity as the index.The results showed that the average channel velocity was 0.502 m/s,and the ratio of the channel velocity to the inlet velocity was 1.004 after adding a discrete T-shaped deflector with an inclination angle of 45°that contributed to the good uniformity of the flow field.According to the results of the measurement experiment of the substrate temperature,the temperature reached stable within 13 minutes when the inlet flow rate of the constant temperature master disk kept at 0.5 m/s and the water temperature kept at 20℃.The substrate temperature at the monitoring point stabilized at 19.6℃-20℃,which verified the reliability of the simulation test.