承诺特征对小学儿童承诺履行发展的影响:利益损失和抑制控制的作用

The influence of promise characteristics on primary school children’s development of promise fulfilling:The effect of benefit loss and inhibitory control

为了探讨小学儿童承诺履行的发展及相关影响因素,实验1采用独裁者博弈范式,以128名7,9,11岁小学儿童为被试,考察在有无利益损失情境下承诺方式对小学儿童承诺履行的影响;实验2采用停止信号任务和独裁者博弈范式,以144名7,9,11岁小学儿童为被试,考察承诺自愿性对不同抑制控制水平小学儿童承诺履行的影响。结果发现:(1)9岁是小学儿童开始履行承诺的转折年龄。(2)小学儿童在有利益损失情境下更容易履行承诺;文本承诺对小学儿童承诺履行的促进效果好于口头承诺和无承诺。承诺方式对小学儿童承诺履行的作用在不同利益损失情境下存在分离,即口头承诺和无承诺的小学儿童在有利益损失情境下更容易履行承诺,而文本承诺的小学儿童在有无利益损失情境下的承诺履行差异不显著。(3)高抑制控制水平的小学儿童更倾向于履行承诺;主动承诺的小学儿童更愿意履行承诺。研究说明小学儿童承诺履行的发展存在转折年龄,并受承诺特征、利益损失和抑制控制的影响。

The aim of this research was to explore the development and influencing factors of primary school children’s promise fulfilling.In experiment 1,by adopting the dictator game paradigm,a total of 128 primary school children aged 7,9 and 11 years old were recruited to investigate the influence of promise methods on primary school children’s promise fulfilling under the condition of benefit loss.In experiment 2,by adopting the stop-signal task and dictator game paradigm,a total of 144 primary school children aged 7,9 and 11 years old were recruited to investigate the influence of promise voluntary on primary school children’s promise fulfilling under the high/low inhibitory control levels.The results were as follows:(1)9 years old was the turning age when primary school children began to fulfill promises;(2)Primary school children were easier to fulfill promises in the situations with than without benefit loss.Written promise was better than oral promise and no promise in promoting the primary school children’s promise fulfilling.The influence of promise methods on primary school children’s promise fulfilling was different in two benefit loss situations.Specifically,primary school children who adopted oral promise and no promise were more likely to fulfill promises in the benefit loss situation,whereas the difference for primary school children’s promise fulfilling with written promise was not significant in the situations with or without benefit loss;(3)Primary school children with high inhibitory control level were more inclined to fulfill promises.Primary school children who adopted voluntary promise were more willing to fulfill promises.In conclusion,the research indicates that there is a turning age in the development of primary school children’s promise fulfilling and promise fulfilling is affected by promise characteristics,benefit loss,and inhibitory control.