虚拟电厂关键技术综述与发展展望

Key technology and development prospects of virtual power plants

在建设新型电力系统的背景下,海量分布式电源接入电网,给电力系统带来了机遇和挑战。分布式电源在提供可调资源的同时也对电网的安全稳定运行造成了冲击。国内外学者对虚拟电厂相关理论技术展开研究,提出将分布式电源聚合成一个虚拟电厂,参与电网调度及市场运营,虚拟电厂为管理海量异构分布式电源、缓解其对电网的冲击、增强系统对这些资源的调控能力以及构建多方共赢的商业模式,提供了有效解决方案。针对虚拟电厂关键技术应用、实际案例分析以及虚拟电厂发展规划方面尚有不足,首先从功能和运营角度对虚拟电厂进行了简要分类,接着对国内外主要应用案例进行了总结,并对其中代表性案例展开深入讨论,使虚拟电厂重点问题及发展路径在理论及应用相结合的视角下得以清晰而全面呈现,最后基于某地区的资源现状和现实需求,对虚拟电厂建设作出规划与发展展望。

With the of construction of the new power system,the integration of a large number of distributed energy resources(DERs)has brought opportunities and challenges to power systems.The distributed energy resources provides flexible resources and also impacts the safe and stable operation of the system.Scholars at home and abroad have conducted research on the theory and technology of virtual power plant,and proposed to aggregate DERs to VPP to participate in system dispatch and market operation.It provides effective solutions to managing massive and heterogeneous DERs,alleviating the DERs'impacts,enhancing the system’s ability to control DERs,and building a mutually-beneficial business model.In response to the shortcomings in the application of key technologies in virtual power plants,actual case analysis,and development planning of virtual power plants,this paper firstly makes a brief classification of VPPs based on their functions and operation modes.Then,engineering case studies is provided using recent domestic and foreign VPP projects,which comprehensively show the key issues and development routes of VPP from a theory and application integrated perspective.Finally,the planning and development of Changsha VPP is provided based on the resources and needs of Changsha city.