2021年山东近岸海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Shandong Coastal Area in 2021

2021年7—8月,在山东近岸海域132个站位采集表层沉积物样品,分析了沉积物中7种重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)的含量及其分布特征,并采用单因子指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法,评价沉积物重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险。利用相关性分析探讨重金属污染物的主要来源。结果表明,山东近岸海域表层沉积物重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg平均含量分别为24.2 mg/kg、14.7 mg/kg、62.5 mg/kg、0.120 mg/kg、59.0 mg/kg、10.5 mg/kg、0.0234 mg/kg。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,调查海域表层沉积物重金属整体为低风险状态,As、Hg和Cd的贡献率分别为35.85%、19.23%和18.46%,是主要贡献因子。地累积指数评价结果表明,调查海域Pb、Zn、Cr、As和Hg的污染程度较轻,Cu和Cd出现小范围的偏中度污染状态区域,需引起关注。

Surface sediment samples in 132 stations were collected in Shandong coastal area from July to August,2021.The content and distribution characteristics of seven heavy metals(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)in the sediment were analyzed.Single factor index,potential ecological risk index and geo-accumulation index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution status and potential ecological risks in the sediment.Using correlation analysis to explore the main sources of heavy metal pollutants.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As,and Hg in surface sediments were 24.2 mg/kg,14.7 mg/kg,62.5 mg/kg,0.120 mg/kg,59.0 mg/kg,10.5 mg/kg,and 0.0234 mg/kg,respectively.The evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index showed that the heavy metals in the surface sediment of the surveyed sea area are generally in a low risk state,with As(35.85%),Hg(19.23%),and Cd(18.46%)being the main contributing factors.The evaluation results of the geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution level of Pb,Zn,Cr,As,and Hg in the surveyed sea area is relatively light,while Cu and Cd showed a small range of moderately polluted areas,which should be paid attention to.