将气候变化纳入环境评价的国际实践比较与启示

Review of International Practice of Integrating Climate Change into Environmental Impact Assessment and Enlightenment to China

环境影响评价作为一项成熟的环境管理制度,可在应对气候变化领域发挥重要作用。部分发达国家已有多年开展相关工作的历史。随着我国提出“2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和”的战略目标,将气候变化纳入环境影响评价已被逐渐提上日程,重点行业的试点实践也正在逐步开展。本文梳理了现有的国际进展,并从立法情况、评价项目范围、温室气体排放与管理、评价议题和事后管理5个方面对各国环评体系进行了对比与分析。建议我国未来可在加快立法进程、纳入气候适应议题、细化核算与评价方法、加强事后监管等方面加强研究与相关工作部署,以建立全面科学的气候变化环评体系,促进温室气体减排,最终服务于我国“双碳”气候目标。

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)as a mature environmental management policy,can play an important role in addressing climate change.Some industrialized nations have long already conducted pertinent work.With the proposed national strategic goal of"carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060",the integration of climate change into EIA in China has been gradually put on the agenda,and pilot practices in key industries have been gradually implemented.This paper reviews the existing international progress,and compares and analyzes these countries′EIA systems from five aspects:legislation,scope of assesses project,assessment subjects,GHG emission and management,and post-management.Based on the work above,this paper proposed following suggestions:accelerating the legislative process,incorporating climate adaptation issues into EIA,refining accounting and evaluation methods and strengthening post-supervision,in order to establish a comprehensive and scientific system for assessing environmental impacts in relation to climate change,promote GHG mitigation,and ultimately serve the"dual carbon"climate goal.