物流无人机城市低空轴辐式网络构建方法研究

The method to construct an urban logistics unmanned aerial vehicles low-altitude hub-and-spoke network

无人机在城市物流配送方面具有极大应用潜力,然而城市低空空域运行场景中的潜在不确定因素较多,亟待通过科学方法构建安全有序的物流无人机配送网络。从物流无人机运输经济性和运行安全性角度出发,结合物流无人机性能特征,在原有地面物流配送网点的基础上,构建多层级轴辐式网络的整数规划模型,提出了带距离限制的PAM(partitioning around medoids,围绕中心点划分)聚类与整数规划相结合的网络构建方法;从配送时效性、网络安全性和网络结构特征三方面选取评价指标,用于对比构建物流无人机运输网络与原地面运输网络;以南京市江宁区为例构建物流无人机配送网络,验证该网络构建方法的可行性。实验结果表明,该方法构建的无人机配送网络在兼顾运输成本与运输安全性的同时,还具有较好的配送时效性。

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have considerable application potential in urban logistics delivery.However,there are many uncertainties in urban low-altitude airspace operation scenarios.Therefore,it is essential to build a safe and orderly logistics UAV delivery network using scientific methods.From the perspectives of delivery economy,operational safety,and features of logistics UAVs,an integer programming model of multilevel hub-and-spoke network was constructed based on the original ground logistics delivery network.A network construction method was proposed,which combines partitioning around medoids(PAM)clustering with distance restrictions and integer programming.Three evaluation indicators were selected,i.e.,delivery timeliness,network security,and network structure characteristics,to compare the constructed logistics UAV delivery network with the original ground delivery network.A logistics UAV delivery network was constructed in Jiangning District of Nanjing city to verify the feasibility of the proposed network construction method.The experimental results show that the UAV delivery network constructed using this method has good delivery timeliness while taking delivery costs and safety into account.