焊接道数和层间温度对5083铝合金多道焊对接接头焊接残余应力和变形的影响

Effects of Welding Pass Number and Interlayer Temperature on Welding Residual Stress and Deformation of 5083 Al Alloy Multi-pass Butt Joint

以5083铝合金多道焊对接接头为研究对象,构建了其热-冶金-力学耦合的三维有限元模型,在考虑相变情况下,对两道焊的焊接过程温度场、残余应力分布和变形进行数值计算与分析,并将结果与试验数据进行对比,验证了该模型的准确度。分析了焊接道数和层间温度对焊接残余应力分布以及焊接变形的影响规律,结果表明:随着焊接道数的增加,纵向残余应力逐渐增加,焊接道数对横向残余应力几乎无影响,焊接变形逐渐增加;随着层间温度的升高,纵向残余应力逐渐降低,横向残余应力先减小后增大,但层间温度对焊接变形几乎无影响,可采用100℃作为最佳层间温度进行焊接。

A three-dimensional finite element model of thermal-metallurgical-mechanical coupling was established for inves‐tigating the multi-pass welded butt joints of 5083 aluminum,considering phase transformation,to simulate and analyze the temperature field during welding process,residual stress distribution and deformation of two-pass welding.The accuracy of the model was verified by comparison with experimental results.In addition,the influence of the number of welding passes and interlayer temperature on residual stress distribution and deformation were anlyzed.The results showed that,as the num‐ber of welding passes increases,the longitudinal residual stress gradually increases,the number of welding passes has almost no effect on the transverse residual stress,and the welding deformation gradually increases;as the interlayer temperature in‐creases,the longitudinal residual stress gradually decreases,while the transverse residual stress first decreases and then in‐creases,the interlayer temperature has almost no effect on welding deformation.The optimum interlayer temperature of 100℃can be used for welding.