甘草治疗糖尿病作用机制研究综述

A Review on Active Substances of Radix Glycyrrhiza and its Mechanism of Action in the Treatment of Diabetes

甘草为豆科植物甘草(乌拉尔甘草)、胀果甘草和光果甘草的干燥根及根茎,其在古今中药治疗糖尿病(古称消渴病)的方剂中,入方率高。文献研究表明,其不仅起到调和与解毒的作用,还具有补虚、清热、通经、利血气等功效,可有效治疗糖尿病。文献研究表明,甘草中含有刺芒柄花素、柚皮苷等20余种抗糖尿病活性物质,其作用机制是:通过调控PI3K-AKT、AMPK等多个信号通路作用于功能靶点,促进胰岛素分泌,改善胰岛素抵抗,抑制醛糖还原酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶等酶活性,降低氧化应激反应和糖异生作用,增强机体对葡萄糖的转运利用、调节血糖等。但甘草治疗糖尿病的作用机制仍有待进一步阐明。

Radix Glycyrrhiza is the dry root and rhizome of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis,G.inflate Bat.and G.glabra L.Radix Glyc⁃yrrhiza is frequently used in Traditiona Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of diabetes.Literature studies show that its effect is not only to harmonize and detoxify,but also to make use of its functions of tonifying deficiency,clearing heat,dredging channels and promoting blood circulation and Qi to accord with the pathogenesis and pathology of Xiaoke disease(diabetes)and treat the Xiaoke disease(diabetes)effectively.According to the network pharmacological study of the classical prescriptions for Xiaoke disease(diabe⁃tes),more than 20 antidiabetic active substances,such as formononetin and naringenin,were found in the high frequency Chinese herbal medicine Radix Glycyrrhiza,its anti-diabetic mechanism was:through the regulation of PI3K-AKT,AMPK and other signal⁃ing pathways,acting on functional targets,to achieve the promotion of insulin secretion,improve insulin resistance,to inhibit the ac⁃tivities of enzymes such as Aldose reductase andα-glucosidase,to reduce oxidative stress and gluconeogenesis,to enhance the trans⁃port and utilization of glucose,and to regulate blood glucose.The mechanism of anti-diabetic activity of Glycyrrhiza Radix remains to be elucidated.