县域义务教育高质量发展的 空间格局分析

County Spatial Characteristics of High-quality Development of Compulsory Education in China

义务教育高质量发展是新时代中国教育的现实需求,从教育充足的视角看,即确保教育机会和教育过程能够有效组织使教育成果达到目标水平。党的十八大以来,中央政府从人才供给、教育产出和资源投入三个层次对义务教育高质量发展做出政策承诺。基于该三个层次分析289个样本县义务教育高质量发展的空间格局,发现人才供给水平较低的地区集中在中部和西部;教育产出水平呈现东部高、中部差异小、西部差异大的特征;北京、上海、天津的资源投入水平具有绝对优势。东、中、西部义务教育发展的存在空间逻辑差异,东部教育资源丰富,为追求均衡损失了一定的效率;中部重视学生的成绩和升学;西部教育资源投入数量高,但产出质量较低。面对县域差异,应根据县域发展特征和需求进行分类治理。

In China,high quality development of compulsory education(HDCE)is the actual demand in the New Era.From education adequacy perspective,HDCE is to ensure that educational opportunities and processes can be effectively organized so that educational results can reach the target level.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the central government has made policy commitments to HDCE from three levels:Human resource supply,education output,and resource input.Based on the three levels,this study measured index of HDCE for 289 sample counties across China.The results showed that the human resource supply was relatively low in middle and western regions;Education output was high in eastern region,undifferentiated in middle region,and differentiated a lot in western region;Resource input in Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin had absolute advantages.The quantitative relationships among the three levels in the eastern,middle,and western regions showed cross-regional differences in the development of compulsory education.There was a tradeoff between the education quality and equity in eastern region where is rich in educational resources.Students performance and advancement were highly emphasized in middle region.Even though the quantitative education resources was highly invested in western region,the output quality still needed to be improved.In the face of regional differences,classified governance should be carried out according to regional development characteristics and needs.